Oluline:
- Kasahstani põhjaosas täppisviljeluse süsteemi kasutamine.
- Mulla seisundi, taimede arengu ja tehtud tööde seire läbiviimine.
- Lõuna karbonaatse mustmulla proovide agrokeemiline täppisuuring 1 ha ja 5 ha põlluvõrgu töötlemisel.
- Taimestikuindeksite NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) kasutusele võtt.
- Selle indeksi muutused olid suhteliselt sünkroonsed nisu saagi muutuse tulemustega.
Highlights:
- The use of pesticide especially herbicide for destroying, preventing, or mitigating insects, rodents, nematodes, fungi, or weeds (as applicable), is on the increase worldwide in modern agricultural practices which pose a threat to the underground, surface water and aquatic lives
- The sublethal toxicity effect of Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) Glycine] on growth performance and some biochemical indices in the organs of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822) fingerlings were therefore evaluated.
- The determined growth parameters decrease with increase glyphosate concentration with the highest mortality rate in the treatment with highest phosphate concentration (5.50 ppm)
- Na+/K+-ATPase activity in all the fish tissues increases with increase glyphosate concentration in the fish muscle and liver and decreases with increase in Glyphosate concentration in the gills.
- However, the muscle and liver malate DH activities decreased with increase in Glyphosate concentration while the lactate DH activity increases with increase intoxicant concentration in the muscle (with the highest treatment having a threefold increase).
- Generally, the enzymatic activities of fish tissues followed the order: Malate DH >Na+/K+-ATPase>Lactate DH.
- The glyphosate concentration negatively impacted the growth and survival of gariepinus and also had a pronounced effect on the enzymatic activities of the studied organs.
Highlights:
- The combined effects of amino acids, deficit irrigation and irrigation system on eggplant crop were studied.
- Amino acids can attenuate the negative effects of water stress on eggplant growth.
- Amino acids significantly increased yield and water use efficiency under water stress level.
- Amino acids can improve plant water status in terms of leaf water potential.
- Irrigation system strategy led to reduced water used in eggplant.
Oluline:
- Mineraalväetiste laotamise protsessi automatiseerimiseks on tsentrifugaaltüüpi laotusketta käitamiseks otstarbekas rakendada elektriajamit.
- Laotusketta pöörlemiskiirust (pöörlemissagedust) mõjutab enim laotusketta asetuskõrgus maapinnast, sildagregaadi jooksulaius/rööbe ja väetiseosakese aerodünaamiline hõljumistegur.
- Põllumajandusliku sildagregaadi jooksulaius/rööbe mõju laotusketta pöörlemiskiirusele on eksponentsiaalse iseloomuga. Sildagregaadi 3,5 m jooksulaiuse/rööpe korral on laotusketta piisavaks pöörlemiskiiruseks 15,5 rad s–1 (2,47 s–1). Sellise pöörlemiskiiruse korral ei kandu väetis tehnoraja püsijälge ja laotusketta võimsustarve on 0,35 kW.
- Sildagregaadi 5,4 m jooksulaiuse/rööpe korral peab laotusketta pöörlemiskiiruse ulatuma juba 140,0 rad s–1 (22,2 s–1). Laotusketta võimsustarve on sel juhul 8 kW.
Highlights:
- The current immunohistochemical study showed the SGLT1 and SGLT2 similar locations in the renal proximal tubules as previously detected in mammals.
Oluline:
- Erinevate tootjate poolt toodetud lihatoodete nitritite ja nitraatide sisaldused varieerusid suurel määral, lisaks olid erinevate tootegruppide puhul nitritite sisaldused erinevad.
- Lihatoodetes ei tuvastatud määrusega EÜ 1333/2008 kehtestatud piirmäärade ületamist. Nitriteid sisaldavate lihatoodete üldine keskmine nitritite kontsentratsioon jäi erinevates lihatoodete gruppides vahemikku 9,7–30,3 mg kg–1.
- Varasemate ja praeguse uurimisperioodide võrdlusest võib järeldada, et keeduvorstides, suitsuvorstides ja viinerites on nitritite sisaldused vähenenud.
- Sarnases võrdluses nitraatide osas saab väita, et nitraatide sisaldused on aastatega märkimisväärselt vähenenud.
Highlights:
- The effects of cassava root sievate and cassava leaf meal mixture on nutrient intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance on West African dwarf goats were studied.
- Cassava root sievate and cassava leaf meal mixture at 60% produced the best dry matter intake (DMI) for the supplemental diets.
- Weight gain (g d–1) and (g (kg W0.75)–1) were enhanced at 40 and 60% incremental levels in comparison with 20 and 0% treatment levels.
- Crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent digestibilities were better in the 20, 40 and 60% treatment levels in comparison with the control diet (0%).
- Nitrogen intake was best enhanced at 60% when compared with the other treatments.
- Nitrogen balance, nitrogen retention. Nitrogen absorbed, apparent nitrogen digestibility and efficiency of nitrogen utilization were improved at 20, 40 and 60% treatment levels when compared with 0% treatment level.
Highlights:
- The effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) allelochemicals on seed germination and seedling emergence of three biomass crops and three legume species were evaluated.
- Sunflower and rapeseed were the least and most sensitive biomass crops to lemon balm allelochemicals, respectively, whereas sweet sorghum showed an intermediate response.
- Peanut seed germination percentage ranged between 72 and 47% of control in 5 and 10% concentrations, respectively, while soybean germination was least affected from M. officinalis leaf extracts since it was reduced by only 25 and 41% in 5 and 10% concentrations, respectively, as compared to the control.
Highlights:
- It has been proved that convective drying of shredded tomato fruits is one of the promising ways of producing tomato powder.
- The values of kinematic coefficients (α = 0.839, ln(α) = 1.3, α(1 s–1) = 0.262) and the critical boundary moisture content (1.503% per mm) were determined.
- It is determined that the most energy is consumed to remove free moisture (1 993 J h–1) in processing fresh tomato fruit.
- The 129.61 °C temperature causes melting of carbohydrates and other compounds of the powder obtained from tomato fruits.
Oluline:
- Põllumuldade erosioon on eluliselt oluline probleem Kagu-Eesti maaelu ja põllumajandusliku tegevuse kestlikkuse tagamisel.
- Erodeeritud (E) muldasid eristatakse nende erodeerituse määra ja mulla karbonaatsuse, kuid deluviaalseid (D) veerežiimi ja pealeuhtekihi tüseduse järgi.
- Kagu-Eesti erosioonist häiritud põllumajandus-maastike muldkatte orgaanilise süsiniku (OC) varud varieeruvad E muldades 24–36 Mg ha–1 ja D muldades 51–143 Mg ha–1, samas on aga nende muldade üldlämmastiku (NT) varud valdavalt piirides 2–3 Mg ha–1 ja 5–16 Mg ha–1.
- Erosioonist häiritud muldade suure osakaaluga muldkate talitleb OC akumulaatorina seoses E muldadel toodetud huumuse ümber paiknemise ja mattumisega D muldadesse ehk pikaks ajaks väljalülitumisega aktiivsest bioloogilisest ringest.
- Erosiooni-ala geomorfoloogilisest ja geoloogilisest mitmekesisusest tingitud suur mullastiku mitmekesisus on peamine mõjutegur ala bioloogilise mitmekesisuse kujunemises.
- Erosioonist häiritud põllumajandusmaade muldade pedo-ökoloogiliselt õige kasutamisega tagatakse ka piirkonna looduskaunite ja suure rekreatiivse väärtusega maastike säilimine.
Highlights:
- The bio-fertilizer potentiality of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens on maize growth and production was evaluated.
- The application of Trichoderma viride along with 50 % of recommended fertilizer dose (120:60:40 kg NPK ha–1) increased the growth traits of maize.
- The application of Pseudomonas fluorescens along with 50 % of recommended fertilizer dose (120:60:40 kg NPK ha–1) increased the yield and yield attributing traits of maize.
- The use of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens minimizes the usage of chemical fertilizers and reduces the cost of production.
Highlights:
- The work is dedicated to the studies conducted in 2011–2016 on the southern chernozem in the southern Steppe of Ukraine, studied the efficiency of processing winter wheat crops modern growth-regulating drugs in the main periods of vegetation of the crop on the background of mineral fertilizers application.
- It was determined that the introduction of pre-sowing cultivation of winter wheat fertilizer in a dose of N30P30 (background) and the use of foliar fertilizing of crops at the beginning of the resumption of spring vegetation and the beginning of stooling complex organic fertilizer Escort-bio created favourable conditions for the formation of grain yield of the studied varieties.
- In the variants of fertilizer Escort-bio plants of winter wheat variety Kolchuga formed 4,48 t ha–1 of grain, and plants of Zamozhnist formed 4,99 t ha–1, which exceeded the control by 35,5 and 38,9%, respectively.
- By the optimization of winter wheat plant nutrition, the crude gluten content of winter wheat grain was 24.2 up to 25.1%, the protein content was 12.9 up to 13.2%, and the conditional protein yield of from 1 ha of sowing area was 0.58–0.66 t depending on the studied variety.
- From the studied varieties of winter wheat on a set of indicators, it was determined Zamozhnist as the best variety.
- In the conditions of the South of Ukraine optimization of winter wheat plant nutrition on the principles of resource-saving, ensures the increase of grain yield and significantly improves its quality.
Oluline:
- Antud uuringu tulemused võimaldavad kirjeldada separeerimisprotsessi intensiivsust mõjutavaid tegureid ja seoseid.
- Nimetatud seosed võimaldavad määrata spiaalseparaatori optimaalseid konstruktiivseid ja kinemaatilisi parameetreid, mida saab kasutada kartulikombainide arendamisel ja projekteerimisel.
- Separaatori spiraali ringkiiruse V suurendamisel kuni 2 m s–1 ja separeerimispinna kaldenurga α suurendamisel kuni 12 kraadini, on võimalik saavutada 70 kg s–1 ületavat läbilaskevõimet ehk separeerimisintensiivust IS.
Highlights:
- The response of three cultivars of wheat on polyethene glycol (PEG) modelling drought stress was evaluated.
- The results show that all analyzed drought resistance wheat genotypes – Triticum aestivum L. (Podolianka, Favorytka) and Triticum dicoccum Schrank. (Holikovska) presented the resilience-anisohydric strategy for water balance regulation.
- It is determined that chemical dehydration increased the efficiency of accumulation of osmoprotectants either protein or carbohydrate nature in all three tested cultivars of wheat seedlings.
Highlights:
- For effective use of subsurface irrigation systems should ensure minimal water loss below the root layers. This can be achieved by using impervious screens.
- Installation of anti-seepage screens during the trenchless laying of irrigation systems can be ensured by creating a stable horizontal gap in the soil.
- To ensure the stability of the gap, a soil tool with certain geometric parameters and shapes must be used.
- Research of the contact interaction of the working body with the soil was carried out. The use of biharmonic and potential functions made it possible to determine the rate of soil deformation by the soil tool.
- Obtained analytical dependences of the rate of soil deformation depending on the geometric parameters of the soil tool.
- The results of kinematic studies of the interaction of the soil tool with the soil are the basis for the dynamic analysis of the process and ensuring its minimum energy consumption.
Highlights:
- Seven main phytocenological criteria of the cenosis structure of oilseed radish in interaction with six seeding rates and four fertilization options were investigated.
- Four typological blocks were identified, divided into 32 characters in the morphological structure of oilseed radish plants.
- Analyzed 18 features in the system of the complete correlation matrix for different variants of the seeding rate, fertilization background and type of hydrothermal vegetation regime.
- The main idiotypes of oilseed radish plants and the nature of the high-altitude tiering of the cenosis are distinguished by phytocoenological analysis.
- The optimum of idiotypic layered design of the cenosis of oilseed radish, taking into account the seeding rate, row spacing, fertilization level, hydrothermal parameters has been developed in the ratio of 1.5–2.0 million pcs. ha–1, wide-row (30 cm), 60 kg NPK ha–1, hydrothermal coefficient 0.9–1.1.
Highlights:
- The response of five types of biochar (Lantana camara, Ipomoea carnea, rice husk, sawdust, no biochar) on growth and yield attributes of potato was evaluated.
- The application of biochars derived from Lantana camera produced the highest number of tubers (6.1 tubers plant–1), the greatest weight of tubers (286.1 g plant–1) and the least damage of red ants on tubers (4.7%).
- It has been proved that the application of biochar increases marketable yield of potato grown in red ant prone areas.
Märkus: Ajakirja nimi andmebaasides on Agraarteadus, seetõttu palume Teil sellele viitamisel seda nii ka nimetada.
Note: Our journal is referred to as Agraarteadus in databases, therefore we kindly ask you to cite it as indicated.
Avaldatud 31-12-2020