Avaldamisel
Avaldamisel artiklid on retsensentide poolt aktsepteeritud artiklid, mis on publitseeritud elektrooniliselt käsikirja vormis, kuid mida pole küljendatud ja mis pole veel ilmunud ajakirja korralises väljaandes. Küljendamine võib põhjustada väikeseid erinevusi võrreldes avaldamisel oleva artikliga, seetõttu võivad publikatsiooni ettevalmistamise käigus muutuda nii pealkiri kui ka sisu.
Valentyna Bandura1, Boris Kotov2, Sergey Gyrych1, Volodymyr Gricshenko3, Roman Kalinichenko3, Oksana Lysenko1
IDENTIFICATION OF MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE DYNAMICS OF EXTRACTION OF OIL MATERIALS IN THE ELECTRIC FIELD OF HIGH FREQUENCY
In Press
IDENTIFICATION OF MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE DYNAMICS OF EXTRACTION OF OIL MATERIALS IN THE ELECTRIC FIELD OF HIGH FREQUENCY
Valentyna Bandura1, Boris Kotov2, Sergey Gyrych1, Volodymyr Gricshenko3, Roman Kalinichenko3, Oksana Lysenko1
1Faculty of Trade, Marketing and Services, Vinnytsia Trade and Economic Institute of Kyiv National Trade and Economic University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
2Faculty of Engineering and Technology, State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilia, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine
3Faculty of Engineering and Energy, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
One of the most important stages of the technological process of extraction of target components from oilseeds is extraction. This stage lasts the longest, and therefore, it generally determines the speed and cost-effectiveness of the whole process. A promising direction for effective organization of the extraction process is involving microwave technologies, the use of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field (EHF) microwave energy directly in the technological process.
The complex nature of the interaction of the factors that determine the intensity of the extraction process in the microwave field does not allow establishing (create) an exact mathematical model of extraction. We propose a method of parametric identification of the mathematical description of the extraction dynamics. This method allows determining the kinetic coefficients of the process from one experimental experiment on the existing installation. A simplified process mechanism was chosen for the study and a general description of the phenomena of heat and mass transfer in a capillary-porous body was used for the known general description. The parameters of the obtained model were identified according to experimental studies. The thus obtained model of non-stationary processes can be used to optimize the parameters and automate the technical means of extraction of oil materials.
Keywords: extraction, oil raw material, microwave field, mathematical model, identification.
Source: Agraarteadus, 2021, 32(1):In Press
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.01
Valentyna Bandura1, Boris Kotov2, Sergey Gyrych1, Volodymyr Gricshenko3, Roman Kalinichenko3, Oksana Lysenko1
1Faculty of Trade, Marketing and Services, Vinnytsia Trade and Economic Institute of Kyiv National Trade and Economic University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
2Faculty of Engineering and Technology, State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilia, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine
3Faculty of Engineering and Energy, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
One of the most important stages of the technological process of extraction of target components from oilseeds is extraction. This stage lasts the longest, and therefore, it generally determines the speed and cost-effectiveness of the whole process. A promising direction for effective organization of the extraction process is involving microwave technologies, the use of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field (EHF) microwave energy directly in the technological process.
The complex nature of the interaction of the factors that determine the intensity of the extraction process in the microwave field does not allow establishing (create) an exact mathematical model of extraction. We propose a method of parametric identification of the mathematical description of the extraction dynamics. This method allows determining the kinetic coefficients of the process from one experimental experiment on the existing installation. A simplified process mechanism was chosen for the study and a general description of the phenomena of heat and mass transfer in a capillary-porous body was used for the known general description. The parameters of the obtained model were identified according to experimental studies. The thus obtained model of non-stationary processes can be used to optimize the parameters and automate the technical means of extraction of oil materials.
Keywords: extraction, oil raw material, microwave field, mathematical model, identification.
Source: Agraarteadus, 2021, 32(1):In Press
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.01
Highlights:
- Physical changes in sunflower seeds are dehydrated by electromagnetic induction and low pressure.
- The analogue modelling of extraction processes in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequencies was offered.
- The optimization of the process of extraction of vegetable oil in a microwave field was given.
Ants Bender
KASVUREGULAATORI JA KEVADISE TÄIENDAVA LÄMMASTIK-VÄETISE MÕJU PÕLDTIMUTI (PHLEUM PRATENSE L.) SEEMNESAAGILE JA SEEMNETE KVALITEEDILE
In Press
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR AND ADDITIONAL NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN SPRING ON THE SEED YIELD AND SEED QUALITY OF TIMOTHY (PHLEUM PRATENSE L.)
Ants Bender
Estonian Crop Research Institute Aamisepa 1, 48309 Jõgeva, Jõgeva County, Estonia
The synergistic effect of the plant growth regulator Moddus 250 EC and nitrogen fertilizer on the seed yield and seed quality of timothy was investigated over a period of four years (2017–2020) in a field trial established with the cultivar 'Tika' in 2016 at the Estonian Crop Research Institute. The trial had three variants: variant 1 – without plant growth regulator (control), variant 2 – plant growth regulator sprayed twice at the rate of 0.4 + 0.4 l ha–1 and variant 3 – plant growth regulator sprayed once at the rate of 0.8 l ha–1. In all three variants there were five nitrogen fertilizer rates between N 70–140 kg ha–1. In the trial the lodging resistance of plant cover was monitored, the height of generative tillers was measured, the seed yield was determined by two-phase combine harvesting and the quality of seed was determined. No lodging of timothy was detected in trial variants throughout all trial years. The increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate did not reliably affect the height of generative tillers, the split application of plant growth regulator shortened the height of generative tillers on the average of four years by 7.4%, and one-time spraying by 6.2%. The use of plant growth regulator did not increase the seed yield, the split application of it even reduced the seed yield. The increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate up to N 122 kg ha–1 increased the seed yield reliably only in the first year of production, but not in the following years. The use of plant growth regulator slowed down seed maturation, in our trials it was confirmed by bigger amounts of seed in the second harvest phase. The increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate and the use of plant growth regulator did not have any effect on seed germination. In the first production year, the 1000 kernel weight increased under the influence of plant growth regulator, in the later years there was no effect. The germination energy of seed somewhat decreased under the influence of plant growth regulator.
Keywords: timothy grass, plant growth regulator, fertilization, lodging resistance, seed yield, seed quality.
Source: Agraarteadus, 2021, 32(1):In Press
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.02
Ants Bender
Estonian Crop Research Institute Aamisepa 1, 48309 Jõgeva, Jõgeva County, Estonia
The synergistic effect of the plant growth regulator Moddus 250 EC and nitrogen fertilizer on the seed yield and seed quality of timothy was investigated over a period of four years (2017–2020) in a field trial established with the cultivar 'Tika' in 2016 at the Estonian Crop Research Institute. The trial had three variants: variant 1 – without plant growth regulator (control), variant 2 – plant growth regulator sprayed twice at the rate of 0.4 + 0.4 l ha–1 and variant 3 – plant growth regulator sprayed once at the rate of 0.8 l ha–1. In all three variants there were five nitrogen fertilizer rates between N 70–140 kg ha–1. In the trial the lodging resistance of plant cover was monitored, the height of generative tillers was measured, the seed yield was determined by two-phase combine harvesting and the quality of seed was determined. No lodging of timothy was detected in trial variants throughout all trial years. The increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate did not reliably affect the height of generative tillers, the split application of plant growth regulator shortened the height of generative tillers on the average of four years by 7.4%, and one-time spraying by 6.2%. The use of plant growth regulator did not increase the seed yield, the split application of it even reduced the seed yield. The increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate up to N 122 kg ha–1 increased the seed yield reliably only in the first year of production, but not in the following years. The use of plant growth regulator slowed down seed maturation, in our trials it was confirmed by bigger amounts of seed in the second harvest phase. The increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate and the use of plant growth regulator did not have any effect on seed germination. In the first production year, the 1000 kernel weight increased under the influence of plant growth regulator, in the later years there was no effect. The germination energy of seed somewhat decreased under the influence of plant growth regulator.
Keywords: timothy grass, plant growth regulator, fertilization, lodging resistance, seed yield, seed quality.
Source: Agraarteadus, 2021, 32(1):In Press
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.02
Oluline:
- Kasvuregulaatori Moddus 250 EC toimel lühenes timuti kõrs, paranes koristusindeks.
- Kasvuregulaatori toimel aeglustus taimekasv, optimaalne koristusaeg nihkus mõni päev hilisemaks.
- Mõnevõrra alanes seemnete idanemisenergia.
- Tõhusam on kasvuregulaatoriga ühekordne pritsimine taimede kõrsumise algul.
- Heas seisus timuti seemnetaimikule võib kasvuregulaatorit kasutades anda täiendavalt lämmastikväetist.
Laith Farhan Gar1, Basem Rahem Bader2, Jabbar Shihab Eyada Al-Esawi3, Mohammed Ali Abood2, Mohammed Obed Sallume4, Ghassan Jaafar Hamdi5
RESPONSE OF ONION GROWTH AND YIELD GROWN IN SOILS OF SEMI-ARID REGIONS TO FOLIAR APPLICATION OF IRON UNDER WATER STRESS CONDITIONS
In Press
RESPONSE OF ONION GROWTH AND YIELD GROWN IN SOILS OF SEMI-ARID REGIONS TO FOLIAR APPLICATION OF IRON UNDER WATER STRESS CONDITIONS
Laith Farhan Gar1, Basem Rahem Bader2, Jabbar Shihab Eyada Al-Esawi3, Mohammed Ali Abood2, Mohammed Obed Sallume4, Ghassan Jaafar Hamdi5
1Biotechnology and Environmental Center, University of Fallujah, Iraq
2Department of Soil Science and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, 32001, Baqubah, Iraq
3Upper Euphrates Basin Developing Center, University of Anbar, 31001, Anbar, Iraq
4Department of Soil Science and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, 31001, Ramadi, Iraq
5Department of Horticulture and Gardening Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, 32001, Baqubah, Iraq
Iron (Fe) is one of the major micronutrient crucial for plant growth, yield and quality. A field experiment was conducted in Fallujah, Iraq during the autumn season in 2019 to study the effects of foliar application of iron and irrigation levels on growth characteristics and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.). A two-factorial experiment arranged as a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in loamy sand soil. The two factors were water stress (50, 75, and 100% consumptive use of water) and iron concentrations (0, 100 and 200 mg L–1). The results show a significant decrease in plant height, number of bulbs, total chlorophyll content, dry mass, iron content in the leaves, the average weight of bulbs and total yield of bulbs by reducing irrigation levels from 100 to 50% of the water supply. Application of iron by foliar spraying significantly increased most of the aforementioned traits. The interactions between iron and irrigation levels were significant in most of the measured traits. The interaction between 100% water supply and 100 mg L–1 of iron achieved the highest total yield value (4 332 Mg ha–1) while the combination of 75% of water supply and 100 mg L–1 of iron gave the highest value of water use efficiency (84.7%).
Keywords: iron, water stress, bulbs onion, micronutrients, iron foliar spraying.
Source: Agraarteadus, 2021, 32(1):In Press
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.06
Laith Farhan Gar1, Basem Rahem Bader2, Jabbar Shihab Eyada Al-Esawi3, Mohammed Ali Abood2, Mohammed Obed Sallume4, Ghassan Jaafar Hamdi5
1Biotechnology and Environmental Center, University of Fallujah, Iraq
2Department of Soil Science and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, 32001, Baqubah, Iraq
3Upper Euphrates Basin Developing Center, University of Anbar, 31001, Anbar, Iraq
4Department of Soil Science and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, 31001, Ramadi, Iraq
5Department of Horticulture and Gardening Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, 32001, Baqubah, Iraq
Iron (Fe) is one of the major micronutrient crucial for plant growth, yield and quality. A field experiment was conducted in Fallujah, Iraq during the autumn season in 2019 to study the effects of foliar application of iron and irrigation levels on growth characteristics and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.). A two-factorial experiment arranged as a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in loamy sand soil. The two factors were water stress (50, 75, and 100% consumptive use of water) and iron concentrations (0, 100 and 200 mg L–1). The results show a significant decrease in plant height, number of bulbs, total chlorophyll content, dry mass, iron content in the leaves, the average weight of bulbs and total yield of bulbs by reducing irrigation levels from 100 to 50% of the water supply. Application of iron by foliar spraying significantly increased most of the aforementioned traits. The interactions between iron and irrigation levels were significant in most of the measured traits. The interaction between 100% water supply and 100 mg L–1 of iron achieved the highest total yield value (4 332 Mg ha–1) while the combination of 75% of water supply and 100 mg L–1 of iron gave the highest value of water use efficiency (84.7%).
Keywords: iron, water stress, bulbs onion, micronutrients, iron foliar spraying.
Source: Agraarteadus, 2021, 32(1):In Press
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.06
Highlights:
- Exposing the plant to water stress reduces the effectiveness of the iron foliar application.
- The yield of onion iron content declines under water deficiency.
- Supplying 50% of water requirement causes a yield reduction even the iron foliar spraying has used.
- The water deficiency causes a clear reduction in the bulb weight.
- The interaction between water and iron levels increases the water use efficiency.
Priit Karis1, Hanno Jaakson1, Katri Ling1, Maksim Runin1, Merike Henno1, Andres Waldmann2, Meelis Ots1
BODY CONDITION EFFECTS ON DRY MATTER INTAKE AND METABOLIC STATUS DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD IN HOLSTEIN DAIRY COWS
In Press
BODY CONDITION EFFECTS ON DRY MATTER INTAKE AND METABOLIC STATUS DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD IN HOLSTEIN DAIRY COWS
Priit Karis1, Hanno Jaakson1, Katri Ling1, Maksim Runin1, Merike Henno1, Andres Waldmann2, Meelis Ots1
1Chair of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 46 Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi St., 51006 Tartu, Estonia
2Chair of Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 62 Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi St., 51006 Tartu, Estonia
The objective was to evaluate dry matter intake, metabolite concentrations and milk production of cows with different dry period body condition score (BCS). In addition, to support these results with previously reported insulin resistance and adipose tissue mRNA data on the same cows. Multiparous Estonian Holstein cows (n = 42) were assigned to three experimental groups on the basis of BCS 28 days before expected calving (d –28) as follows: BCS ≤ 3.0 (2.25–3.00; thin (T), n = 14); BCS = 3.25–3.5 (optimal (O), n = 14); BCS ≥ 3.75 (3.75–4.50; over-conditioned (OC), n = 14). Blood samples were taken between d –21 and d 42 in relation to calving, milk production data were collected throughout lactation. The OC cows' adaptation to the demands of lactation was the worst based on the comparison of dynamics of blood parameters between BCS groups. They had the most unbalanced metabolism and used more stored lipids compared to T and O cows. Fatty acids concentrations in the first week of lactation, related to insulin resistance status in the dry period and DMI in the first days of lactation, describe most of the variation (R2 = 0.55) in BCS loss during the first 42 days of lactation.
Keywords: extraction, oil raw material, microwave field, mathematical model, identification.
Source: Agraarteadus, 2021, 32(1):In Press
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.05
Priit Karis1, Hanno Jaakson1, Katri Ling1, Maksim Runin1, Merike Henno1, Andres Waldmann2, Meelis Ots1
1Chair of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 46 Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi St., 51006 Tartu, Estonia
2Chair of Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 62 Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi St., 51006 Tartu, Estonia
The objective was to evaluate dry matter intake, metabolite concentrations and milk production of cows with different dry period body condition score (BCS). In addition, to support these results with previously reported insulin resistance and adipose tissue mRNA data on the same cows. Multiparous Estonian Holstein cows (n = 42) were assigned to three experimental groups on the basis of BCS 28 days before expected calving (d –28) as follows: BCS ≤ 3.0 (2.25–3.00; thin (T), n = 14); BCS = 3.25–3.5 (optimal (O), n = 14); BCS ≥ 3.75 (3.75–4.50; over-conditioned (OC), n = 14). Blood samples were taken between d –21 and d 42 in relation to calving, milk production data were collected throughout lactation. The OC cows' adaptation to the demands of lactation was the worst based on the comparison of dynamics of blood parameters between BCS groups. They had the most unbalanced metabolism and used more stored lipids compared to T and O cows. Fatty acids concentrations in the first week of lactation, related to insulin resistance status in the dry period and DMI in the first days of lactation, describe most of the variation (R2 = 0.55) in BCS loss during the first 42 days of lactation.
Keywords: extraction, oil raw material, microwave field, mathematical model, identification.
Source: Agraarteadus, 2021, 32(1):In Press
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.05
Oluline:
- Ülemäärane toitumus põhjustab väikeseid muutuseid vere glükoosi ja esterifitseerimata rasvhapete sisalduses mõne nädala jooksul enne poegimist.
- Ülemäärases toitumuses lehmad kohanevad laktatsiooniga halvasti, võrreldes kõhnade või optimaalses toitumuses loomadega on nende ainevahetus vähem tasakaalus ja nad kasutavad rohkem varurasva.
- Ülemäärases toitumuses lehmade piim on esimese kuue laktatsiooninädala jooksul kõige suurema rasvasisaldusega ja nende energia järgi korrigeeritud piima toodang on kõige suurem.
- Esterifitseerimata rasvhapete kontsentratsioon esimesel laktatsiooninädalal, mis on seotud insuliini resistentusega kinnisperioodil ja söömusega laktatsiooni esimestel päevadel, kirjeldab enamuse esimese kuue laktatsiooninädala toitumushinde languse variatsioonist.
- Ainevahetusprotsessid kinnisperioodil ja laktatsiooni esimestel päevadel määravad suuresti ära lüpsilehmade ainevahetusliku seisundi laktatsiooni alguses.
Zvonko Pacanoski1, Arben Mehmeti2
EFFICACY AND SELECTIVITY OF PRE-EM HERBICIDE ON DEPENDENCE OF SOIL TYPES AND PRECIPITATION IN SUNFLOWER CROP
In Press
EFFICACY AND SELECTIVITY OF PRE-EM HERBICIDE ON DEPENDENCE OF SOIL TYPES AND PRECIPITATION IN SUNFLOWER CROP
Zvonko Pacanoski1, Arben Mehmeti2
1Faculty for Agricultural Sciences and Food, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, R. N. Macedonia
2University of Prishtina, Department of Plant Protection, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
During the growing seasons in 2018 and 2019, two field trials were conducted to estimate how precipitation affects the efficacy of PRE-em herbicides in sunflower crop grown on different soil types. Both regions were naturally infested with a high population of Polygonum aviculare L., Solanum nigrum L., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Portulaca olearacea L. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Efficacy of PRE-em herbicides varied among weed species, treatments, periods of efficacy estimation, regions and years, respectively. Overall performances of the PRE-em herbicides were correlated with the weather and soil properties. Humid April in Bitola region in 2018, particularly the first week after application (34 mm) before weed emergence caused herbicide leaching from the soil surface, which probably was the most likely reason for the lower efficacy of PRE-em herbicides in 2018, compared to their application in 2019. In 2018 precipitation above 30 years average were recorded in the Titov Veles region as well, but due to their equal occurrence particularly during the first and second week after application, as well as soil type properties (higher content of clay and organic matter) leaching did not occur and efficacy was good to excellent. Contrary, the limited precipitation after PRE-em application (five, nine, and eight mm during the first week before application, first and second week after application) may have contributed to the poor performance of PRE-em herbicides in the Titov Veles region in 2019 compared with 2018. Heavy precipitation directly following PRE-em application caused sunflower injury in the Bitola region in 2018, which ranged from 9–28% across PRE-em treatments seven days after application. Injures of oxyfluorfen and dimethenamid were more serious (24 and 28%, respectively). Sunflower yields for each treatment in both region s generally reflected overall weed control and crop injury.
Keywords: weeds, herbicides, sunflower, efficacy, selectivity, soil, precipitation.
Source: Agraarteadus, 2021, 32(1):In Press
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.08
Zvonko Pacanoski1, Arben Mehmeti2
1Faculty for Agricultural Sciences and Food, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, R. N. Macedonia
2University of Prishtina, Department of Plant Protection, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
During the growing seasons in 2018 and 2019, two field trials were conducted to estimate how precipitation affects the efficacy of PRE-em herbicides in sunflower crop grown on different soil types. Both regions were naturally infested with a high population of Polygonum aviculare L., Solanum nigrum L., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Portulaca olearacea L. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Efficacy of PRE-em herbicides varied among weed species, treatments, periods of efficacy estimation, regions and years, respectively. Overall performances of the PRE-em herbicides were correlated with the weather and soil properties. Humid April in Bitola region in 2018, particularly the first week after application (34 mm) before weed emergence caused herbicide leaching from the soil surface, which probably was the most likely reason for the lower efficacy of PRE-em herbicides in 2018, compared to their application in 2019. In 2018 precipitation above 30 years average were recorded in the Titov Veles region as well, but due to their equal occurrence particularly during the first and second week after application, as well as soil type properties (higher content of clay and organic matter) leaching did not occur and efficacy was good to excellent. Contrary, the limited precipitation after PRE-em application (five, nine, and eight mm during the first week before application, first and second week after application) may have contributed to the poor performance of PRE-em herbicides in the Titov Veles region in 2019 compared with 2018. Heavy precipitation directly following PRE-em application caused sunflower injury in the Bitola region in 2018, which ranged from 9–28% across PRE-em treatments seven days after application. Injures of oxyfluorfen and dimethenamid were more serious (24 and 28%, respectively). Sunflower yields for each treatment in both region s generally reflected overall weed control and crop injury.
Keywords: weeds, herbicides, sunflower, efficacy, selectivity, soil, precipitation.
Source: Agraarteadus, 2021, 32(1):In Press
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.08
Highlights:
- The efficacy of PRE-em herbicides was correlated with the weather and soil conditions.
- The limited precipitation after PRE-em application during the 1st WBA, 1st and 2nd WAA may have contributed to the poor performance of PRE-em herbicides in the Titov Veles region in 2019 compared with 2018.
- Heavy precipitation directly following PRE-em application caused sunflower injury in the Bitola region in 2018, which ranged from 9 to 28% across PRE-em.
- The injures from oxyfluorfen and dimethenamid were more serious (24 and 28%, respectively).
Panjanathan Prakash1, Balathandayutham Karthikeyan1, Manoharan Melvin Joe2
CHEMOTACTIC RESPONSES OF SWEET FLAG (Acorus calamus L.) ROOT EXUDATES AND EVALUATION OF INOCULATION EFFECTS ON ITS GROWTH
In Press
CHEMOTACTIC RESPONSES OF SWEET FLAG (Acorus calamus L.) ROOT EXUDATES AND EVALUATION OF INOCULATION EFFECTS ON ITS GROWTH
Panjanathan Prakash1, Balathandayutham Karthikeyan1, Manoharan Melvin Joe2
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Department of Microbiology, College of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamil Nadu, India
Root exudate is an important source of nutrients for microorganisms in the rhizosphere and it plays a major role in the early colonization including chemotactic responses and adsorption of rhizospheric bacteria. In this study, we characterized the root exudates from sweet flag under hydroponic conditions and assessed their effect on plant growth. In the present study, the crude root fractions of sweet flag recorded a maximum yield of 520.6 μg plant–1 followed by cationic, anionic and neutral fractions. Among the qualitative and quantitative analysis of different fractions, the cationic fraction recorded a maximum of 90 μg plant–1 for glutamic acid, followed by aspartic acid, glycine, serine and proline. In the anionic fraction, malic acid recorded a maximum of 78.0 μg plant–1 followed by oxalic, succinic, citric and glutamic acid fractions. The neutral fractions included different saccharides, among which, fructose recorded a maximum of 42.5 μg plant–1, followed by glucose, maltose, ribose and arabinose. The relative chemotactic response (RCR) of PGPB (plant growth-promoting bacteria) strains towards different root exudate fractions of Acorus calamus was recorded and it was observed that the combination of Anionic + Cationic + Neutral fraction recorded maximum chemotactic response for PGPR strains. The adsorption of PGPR strains in the root of the Acorus calamus was recorded in three different phases of growth and among these, Log phase bacterial cells exhibited maximum colonization of 7.65 × 10–6 cells g–1 with A.venilandii (ACAzt-2). Inoculation effect of PGPB strains on the root exudate of Acorus calamus and its growth was evaluated and it was observed that the treatment T5 – Consortium recorded maximum plant height and root growth of Acorus calamus, followed by T2. Our results indicate that sweet flag root exudates induce chemotactic responses of PGPR strains and promoted their growth.
Keywords: root exudates, Acorus calamus, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), chemotaxis.
Source: Agraarteadus, 2021, 32(1):In Press
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.04
Panjanathan Prakash1, Balathandayutham Karthikeyan1, Manoharan Melvin Joe2
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Department of Microbiology, College of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamil Nadu, India
Root exudate is an important source of nutrients for microorganisms in the rhizosphere and it plays a major role in the early colonization including chemotactic responses and adsorption of rhizospheric bacteria. In this study, we characterized the root exudates from sweet flag under hydroponic conditions and assessed their effect on plant growth. In the present study, the crude root fractions of sweet flag recorded a maximum yield of 520.6 μg plant–1 followed by cationic, anionic and neutral fractions. Among the qualitative and quantitative analysis of different fractions, the cationic fraction recorded a maximum of 90 μg plant–1 for glutamic acid, followed by aspartic acid, glycine, serine and proline. In the anionic fraction, malic acid recorded a maximum of 78.0 μg plant–1 followed by oxalic, succinic, citric and glutamic acid fractions. The neutral fractions included different saccharides, among which, fructose recorded a maximum of 42.5 μg plant–1, followed by glucose, maltose, ribose and arabinose. The relative chemotactic response (RCR) of PGPB (plant growth-promoting bacteria) strains towards different root exudate fractions of Acorus calamus was recorded and it was observed that the combination of Anionic + Cationic + Neutral fraction recorded maximum chemotactic response for PGPR strains. The adsorption of PGPR strains in the root of the Acorus calamus was recorded in three different phases of growth and among these, Log phase bacterial cells exhibited maximum colonization of 7.65 × 10–6 cells g–1 with A.venilandii (ACAzt-2). Inoculation effect of PGPB strains on the root exudate of Acorus calamus and its growth was evaluated and it was observed that the treatment T5 – Consortium recorded maximum plant height and root growth of Acorus calamus, followed by T2. Our results indicate that sweet flag root exudates induce chemotactic responses of PGPR strains and promoted their growth.
Keywords: root exudates, Acorus calamus, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), chemotaxis.
Source: Agraarteadus, 2021, 32(1):In Press
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.04
Highlights:
- Acorus calamus root exudates recorded a maximum yield of 520.6 µg plant–1 for crude root exudates.
- Glutamic acid, malic acid and fructose were the major components in the cationic, anionic and neutral fractions, respectively.
- Combination of cationic, anionic and neutral fractions recorded the highest chemotactic response.
- Highest colonization (7.65 × 10–6 cells g–1) in A. calamus was recorded with A. venilandii (ACAzt-2) at log phase.
- Plant inoculstion experiments in A. calamus showed that consortium treatment recorded maximum plant growth.
- A. calamus root exudates induced chemotactic response and promoted plant growth.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATE STERILIZATION METHODS ON PERFORMANCE OF OYSTER MUSHROOM (Pleurotus ostreatus)
In Press
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATE STERILIZATION METHODS ON PERFORMANCE OF OYSTER MUSHROOM (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Sanju Shrestha1, Samikshya Bhattarai2, Ram Kumar Shrestha1, Jiban Shrestha3
1Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung Campus, Sundarbazar 07, Sundarbazar Municipality, 33600, Nepal,
2Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, Uvalde TX 78801, USA,
3Nepal Agricultural Research Council, National Plant Breeding and Genetics Research Centre, Khumaltar15, Lalitpur Metropolitan City, 44700, Nepal,
Proper sterilization of substrates is an indispensable step in oyster mushroom cultivation. Oyster mushroom growers in Nepal usually follow three different substrate sterilization methods; however, their comparative effectiveness is vastly unexplored. Thus, these experiments were carried out at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Lamjung Campus, Lamjung, Nepal from January to March, in the years 2017 and 2019. The objective of these experiments was to identify the most appropriate method of sterilization. Three different types of sterilization methods viz chemical sterilization (formaldehyde + carbendazim), steam sterilization, and hot-water sterilization were evaluated for the growth parameters and productivity of oyster mushroom cultivated on rice straw. The experiments were laid out on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with ten replications. The results showed that the spawning rate was 3.2% of the wet substrate. Data were collected until the third flush. A significantly longer duration to colonize the substrate (29.7 days) was observed under chemical sterilization. The oyster mushroom performed best under steam sterilization as it took the shortest time for pinhead formation (34.30 days), fruiting body formation (43.60 days), cropping duration (89.30 days), and produced the highest mushroom yield (1401.9 g per 4 kg bag), and consequently, the highest biological efficiency (101.38%). Average pileus diameter and stipe length were statistically indifferent among the treatments suggesting the significant effect of sterilization methods on the yield of oyster mushroom but not on its morphological attributes.
Keywords: biological efficiency, oyster mushroom, spawn-run, sterilization, yield.
Source: Agraarteadus, 2021, 32(1):In Press
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.03
Sanju Shrestha1, Samikshya Bhattarai2, Ram Kumar Shrestha1, Jiban Shrestha3
1Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung Campus, Sundarbazar 07, Sundarbazar Municipality, 33600, Nepal,
2Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, Uvalde TX 78801, USA,
3Nepal Agricultural Research Council, National Plant Breeding and Genetics Research Centre, Khumaltar15, Lalitpur Metropolitan City, 44700, Nepal,
Proper sterilization of substrates is an indispensable step in oyster mushroom cultivation. Oyster mushroom growers in Nepal usually follow three different substrate sterilization methods; however, their comparative effectiveness is vastly unexplored. Thus, these experiments were carried out at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Lamjung Campus, Lamjung, Nepal from January to March, in the years 2017 and 2019. The objective of these experiments was to identify the most appropriate method of sterilization. Three different types of sterilization methods viz chemical sterilization (formaldehyde + carbendazim), steam sterilization, and hot-water sterilization were evaluated for the growth parameters and productivity of oyster mushroom cultivated on rice straw. The experiments were laid out on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with ten replications. The results showed that the spawning rate was 3.2% of the wet substrate. Data were collected until the third flush. A significantly longer duration to colonize the substrate (29.7 days) was observed under chemical sterilization. The oyster mushroom performed best under steam sterilization as it took the shortest time for pinhead formation (34.30 days), fruiting body formation (43.60 days), cropping duration (89.30 days), and produced the highest mushroom yield (1401.9 g per 4 kg bag), and consequently, the highest biological efficiency (101.38%). Average pileus diameter and stipe length were statistically indifferent among the treatments suggesting the significant effect of sterilization methods on the yield of oyster mushroom but not on its morphological attributes.
Keywords: biological efficiency, oyster mushroom, spawn-run, sterilization, yield.
Source: Agraarteadus, 2021, 32(1):In Press
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.03
Highlights:
- Different methods of sterilization have influenced the vegetative growth, morphology, cropping duration, mushroom yield and biological yield of oyster mushroom.
- As compared to chemical and hot-water sterilization methods, the steam sterilization method produced a shorter cropping duration (89.30 days), higher yield (1401.9 g per 4 kg bag) and higher biological efficiency (101.38%).
- Stem sterilization was found the best method of sterilization for the cultivation of oyster mushroom.
Budi Winarto1, Intan Gilang Cempaka2, Ratih Kurnia Jatuningtyas2, Sri Catur Budisetyaningrum2, Budi Hartoyo2
IN VITRO SHOOT GROWTH PERFORMANCES AND RESPONSES OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) 'MUHZOTO' UNDER DIFFERENT TREATMENTS AND EXPLANT TYPES
In Press
IN VITRO SHOOT GROWTH PERFORMANCES AND RESPONSES OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) 'MUHZOTO' UNDER DIFFERENT TREATMENTS AND EXPLANT TYPES
Budi Winarto1, Intan Gilang Cempaka2, Ratih Kurnia Jatuningtyas2, Sri Catur Budisetyaningrum2, Budi Hartoyo2
1Ungaran Instalation for Research and Assessment on Agriculture Technology, Jl. BPTP No. 40, Bukit Tegalepek, Sidomulyo, Ungaran Timur, Semarang 50519, Central Java-Indonesia
2Central Java Assessment Institute for Agriculture Technology, Jl. Soekarno Hatta KM.26 No.10, Kotak Pos 124, Tegalsari, Bergas Lor, Bergas, Semarang, 50552 Central Java, Indonesia
Finding optimal shoot growth performances under different treatments and revealing different growth responses of different explant types as main objectives were assessed in the research. Different treatments of 5 000; 8 000 and 11 000 lx in light intensities; 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ml l–1 in coconut water (CW) concentrations; culture media (CM) of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.5 vitamin strength in the medium in combination with 100 mg l–1 myoinositol, 1 mg l–1 calcium pantothenate (CaP), and 0.1 mg l–1 gibberellic acid-3 (GA3) (CM-1); 200 mg l–1 myoinositol, 1 mg l–1 CaP dan 0.1 mg l–1 GA3 (CM-2); 1 mg l–1 CaP and 100 ml l–1 CW (CM-3); and MS medium supplemented with 1.5 total vitamin strength in the medium (CM-4 as control) and shoot tip, first, second, third, fourth and fifth nodes as explant types were gradually tested in the research. Virus-free Solanum tuberosum L. 'Muhzoto' explants and MS medium containing 1.5 strength of vitamin were used as explant source and basic medium. Four experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6–9 replications. Maximal shoot growth performances indicated by shoot height, stem diameter, internode length, greener leaves per shoot, leaf length and width were established in explants incubated under 11 000 lx light intensity applied continuously. Adding different concentrations of CW could not improve the growth of shoots, but they induced high contamination. Though MS medium containing 1.5 vitamin strength with 200 mg l–1 myoinositol, 1 mg l–1 CaP and 0.1 mg l–1 GA3 slightly improved shoot growth, there was no significant difference compared to control. Exploring shoot growth responses derived from different types of explants revealed that the shoot tips, 1st and 2nd nodes regenerated high branched shoots with the higher length of internodus; while 3rd, 4th and 5th nodes stimulated low branched shoots with higher stem diameter and the number of leaves per shoot. The branched shoots were a serious problem in preparing high-quality regenerants for 'Muhzoto' explants and significantly overcome by choosing, selecting and applying the right time on subculturing of the 'Muhzoto' explants.
Keywords: additive agent, explant, light, medium, potato.
Source: Agraarteadus, 2021, 32(1):In Press
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.07
Budi Winarto1, Intan Gilang Cempaka2, Ratih Kurnia Jatuningtyas2, Sri Catur Budisetyaningrum2, Budi Hartoyo2
1Ungaran Instalation for Research and Assessment on Agriculture Technology, Jl. BPTP No. 40, Bukit Tegalepek, Sidomulyo, Ungaran Timur, Semarang 50519, Central Java-Indonesia
2Central Java Assessment Institute for Agriculture Technology, Jl. Soekarno Hatta KM.26 No.10, Kotak Pos 124, Tegalsari, Bergas Lor, Bergas, Semarang, 50552 Central Java, Indonesia
Finding optimal shoot growth performances under different treatments and revealing different growth responses of different explant types as main objectives were assessed in the research. Different treatments of 5 000; 8 000 and 11 000 lx in light intensities; 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ml l–1 in coconut water (CW) concentrations; culture media (CM) of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.5 vitamin strength in the medium in combination with 100 mg l–1 myoinositol, 1 mg l–1 calcium pantothenate (CaP), and 0.1 mg l–1 gibberellic acid-3 (GA3) (CM-1); 200 mg l–1 myoinositol, 1 mg l–1 CaP dan 0.1 mg l–1 GA3 (CM-2); 1 mg l–1 CaP and 100 ml l–1 CW (CM-3); and MS medium supplemented with 1.5 total vitamin strength in the medium (CM-4 as control) and shoot tip, first, second, third, fourth and fifth nodes as explant types were gradually tested in the research. Virus-free Solanum tuberosum L. 'Muhzoto' explants and MS medium containing 1.5 strength of vitamin were used as explant source and basic medium. Four experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6–9 replications. Maximal shoot growth performances indicated by shoot height, stem diameter, internode length, greener leaves per shoot, leaf length and width were established in explants incubated under 11 000 lx light intensity applied continuously. Adding different concentrations of CW could not improve the growth of shoots, but they induced high contamination. Though MS medium containing 1.5 vitamin strength with 200 mg l–1 myoinositol, 1 mg l–1 CaP and 0.1 mg l–1 GA3 slightly improved shoot growth, there was no significant difference compared to control. Exploring shoot growth responses derived from different types of explants revealed that the shoot tips, 1st and 2nd nodes regenerated high branched shoots with the higher length of internodus; while 3rd, 4th and 5th nodes stimulated low branched shoots with higher stem diameter and the number of leaves per shoot. The branched shoots were a serious problem in preparing high-quality regenerants for 'Muhzoto' explants and significantly overcome by choosing, selecting and applying the right time on subculturing of the 'Muhzoto' explants.
Keywords: additive agent, explant, light, medium, potato.
Source: Agraarteadus, 2021, 32(1):In Press
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.07
Highlights:
- Optimal shoot growth performances of Solanum tuberosum 'Muhzoto' derived from in vitro works has important roles in producing high quality of its in vivo planting materials.
- In vitro shoot growth of the 'Muhzoto' explants was successfully improved significantly by incubating explants under high light intensity and slightly enhanced by culture media.
- Adding coconut water (CW) in the selected medium did not result in better shoot growth, but its CW application caused high contamination of explants
- Shoot tips, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th nodes regenerated different shoot growth responses with branched shoots as an important problem for 'Muhzoto' explants.
- Choosing, selecting and applying the right time of subculture significantly overcome the branched-shoot effects.
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Note: Our journal is referred to as Agraarteadus in databases, therefore we kindly ask you to cite it as indicated.
