2020 * XXXI * 2
SISUKORD
TOIMETAJA VEERG
TEADUSARTIKLID
Kendje Abdullaev1, Bakkit Irmulatov1, Аndrei Komarov2, Edvin Nugis3
PRECISION AGRICULTURE IN THE NORTH OF KAZAKHSTAN
115–121
Oluline:
- Kasahstani põhjaosas täppisviljeluse süsteemi kasutamine.
- Mulla seisundi, taimede arengu ja tehtud tööde seire läbiviimine.
- Lõuna karbonaatse mustmulla proovide agrokeemiline täppisuuring 1 ha ja 5 ha põlluvõrgu töötlemisel.
- Taimestikuindeksite NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) kasutusele võtt.
- Selle indeksi muutused olid suhteliselt sünkroonsed nisu saagi muutuse tulemustega.
Adedamola Oladapo Akinbadewa1, Henry Adefisayo Adewole2, Victor Folorunso Olaleye2, Gbenga Emmanuel Ogundepo3
SUBLETHAL EFFECT OF GLYPHOSATE [N-(PHOSPHONOMETHYL)GLYCINE] ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITIES IN SOME ORGANS OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822) FINGERLINGS
122–130
Highlights:
- The use of pesticide especially herbicide for destroying, preventing, or mitigating insects, rodents, nematodes, fungi, or weeds (as applicable), is on the increase worldwide in modern agricultural practices which pose a threat to the underground, surface water and aquatic lives
- The sublethal toxicity effect of Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) Glycine] on growth performance and some biochemical indices in the organs of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822) fingerlings were therefore evaluated.
- The determined growth parameters decrease with increase glyphosate concentration with the highest mortality rate in the treatment with highest phosphate concentration (5.50 ppm)
- Na+/K+-ATPase activity in all the fish tissues increases with increase glyphosate concentration in the fish muscle and liver and decreases with increase in Glyphosate concentration in the gills.
- However, the muscle and liver malate DH activities decreased with increase in Glyphosate concentration while the lactate DH activity increases with increase intoxicant concentration in the muscle (with the highest treatment having a threefold increase).
- Generally, the enzymatic activities of fish tissues followed the order: Malate DH >Na+/K+-ATPase>Lactate DH.
- The glyphosate concentration negatively impacted the growth and survival of gariepinus and also had a pronounced effect on the enzymatic activities of the studied organs.
Basem Rahem Bader1, Mohammed Ali Abood1, Saad Enad Harfoush Aldulaimy2, Shuker Mahmood Hassan Al-Mehmdy2, Ghassan Jaafar Hamdi3
EFFECT OF WATER DEFICIT AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF AMINO ACIDS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF EGGPLANT IRRIGATED BY TWO DRIP SYSTEMS UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS
131–138
Highlights:
- The combined effects of amino acids, deficit irrigation and irrigation system on eggplant crop were studied.
- Amino acids can attenuate the negative effects of water stress on eggplant growth.
- Amino acids significantly increased yield and water use efficiency under water stress level.
- Amino acids can improve plant water status in terms of leaf water potential.
- Irrigation system strategy led to reduced water used in eggplant.
Volodymyr Bulgakov1, Valerii Adamchuk2, Volodymyr Kuvachov3, Lyubov Shymko1, Jüri Olt4
A THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF COMBINED AGRICULTURAL GANTRY UNIT WITH A MINERAL FERTILISER SPREADER
139–146
Oluline:
- Mineraalväetiste laotamise protsessi automatiseerimiseks on tsentrifugaaltüüpi laotusketta käitamiseks otstarbekas rakendada elektriajamit.
- Laotusketta pöörlemiskiirust (pöörlemissagedust) mõjutab enim laotusketta asetuskõrgus maapinnast, sildagregaadi jooksulaius/rööbe ja väetiseosakese aerodünaamiline hõljumistegur.
- Põllumajandusliku sildagregaadi jooksulaius/rööbe mõju laotusketta pöörlemiskiirusele on eksponentsiaalse iseloomuga. Sildagregaadi 3,5 m jooksulaiuse/rööpe korral on laotusketta piisavaks pöörlemiskiiruseks 15,5 rad s–1 (2,47 s–1). Sellise pöörlemiskiiruse korral ei kandu väetis tehnoraja püsijälge ja laotusketta võimsustarve on 0,35 kW.
- Sildagregaadi 5,4 m jooksulaiuse/rööpe korral peab laotusketta pöörlemiskiiruse ulatuma juba 140,0 rad s–1 (22,2 s–1). Laotusketta võimsustarve on sel juhul 8 kW.
Piret Hussar1, Ilmārs Dūrītis2, Florina Popovska-Percinic3, Tõnu Järveots4
Short Communication: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF SODIUM-DEPENDENT GLUCOSE CO-TRANSPORTERS IN OSTRICHES KIDNEYS
147–150
Highlights:
- The current immunohistochemical study showed the SGLT1 and SGLT2 similar locations in the renal proximal tubules as previously detected in mammals.
Sirje Jalakas1, Mati Roasto1, Mari Reinik2, Terje Elias1
ÜLEVAADE NITRITITE JA NITRAATIDE SISALDUSTEST LIHATOODETES EESTIS
151–159
Oluline:
- Erinevate tootjate poolt toodetud lihatoodete nitritite ja nitraatide sisaldused varieerusid suurel määral, lisaks olid erinevate tootegruppide puhul nitritite sisaldused erinevad.
- Lihatoodetes ei tuvastatud määrusega EÜ 1333/2008 kehtestatud piirmäärade ületamist. Nitriteid sisaldavate lihatoodete üldine keskmine nitritite kontsentratsioon jäi erinevates lihatoodete gruppides vahemikku 9,7–30,3 mg kg–1.
- Varasemate ja praeguse uurimisperioodide võrdlusest võib järeldada, et keeduvorstides, suitsuvorstides ja viinerites on nitritite sisaldused vähenenud.
- Sarnases võrdluses nitraatide osas saab väita, et nitraatide sisaldused on aastatega märkimisväärselt vähenenud.
Peter-Damian Chukwunomso Jiwuba
NUTRIENT INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY AND NITROGEN BALANCE OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED CASSAVA ROOT SIEVATE AND CASSAVA LEAF MEAL MIXTURE IN THEIR DIETS
160–166
Highlights:
- The effects of cassava root sievate and cassava leaf meal mixture on nutrient intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance on West African dwarf goats were studied.
- Cassava root sievate and cassava leaf meal mixture at 60% produced the best dry matter intake (DMI) for the supplemental diets.
- Weight gain (g d–1) and (g (kg W0.75)–1) were enhanced at 40 and 60% incremental levels in comparison with 20 and 0% treatment levels.
- Crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent digestibilities were better in the 20, 40 and 60% treatment levels in comparison with the control diet (0%).
- Nitrogen intake was best enhanced at 60% when compared with the other treatments.
- Nitrogen balance, nitrogen retention. Nitrogen absorbed, apparent nitrogen digestibility and efficiency of nitrogen utilization were improved at 20, 40 and 60% treatment levels when compared with 0% treatment level.
Panagiotis Kanatas1, Ioannis Gazoulis2, Ioanna Kakabouki2, Panayiota Papastylianou2
AROMATIC PLANT MELISSA OFFICINALIS EXTRACTS SELECTIVITY IN VARIOUS BIOMASS CROP AND LEGUME SPECIES
167–172
Highlights:
- The effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) allelochemicals on seed germination and seedling emergence of three biomass crops and three legume species were evaluated.
- Sunflower and rapeseed were the least and most sensitive biomass crops to lemon balm allelochemicals, respectively, whereas sweet sorghum showed an intermediate response.
- Peanut seed germination percentage ranged between 72 and 47% of control in 5 and 10% concentrations, respectively, while soybean germination was least affected from M. officinalis leaf extracts since it was reduced by only 25 and 41% in 5 and 10% concentrations, respectively, as compared to the control.
Inha Kuznietsova1, Valentyna Bandura2, Vаdym Paziuk1, Oleksii Tokarchuk2, Ihor Kupchuk2
APPLICATION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY METHOD IN THE STUDY OF THE TOMATO FRUITS DRYING PROCESS
173–180
Highlights:
- It has been proved that convective drying of shredded tomato fruits is one of the promising ways of producing tomato powder.
- The values of kinematic coefficients (α = 0.839, ln(α) = 1.3, α(1 s–1) = 0.262) and the critical boundary moisture content (1.503% per mm) were determined.
- It is determined that the most energy is consumed to remove free moisture (1 993 J h–1) in processing fresh tomato fruit.
- The 129.61 °C temperature causes melting of carbohydrates and other compounds of the powder obtained from tomato fruits.
Raimo Kõlli, Karin Kauer, Tõnu Tõnutare
EESTI EROSIOONIST HÄIRITUD MULDADE ORGAANILISE SÜSINIKU- JA LÄMMASTIKUSISALDUS
181–190
Oluline:
- Põllumuldade erosioon on eluliselt oluline probleem Kagu-Eesti maaelu ja põllumajandusliku tegevuse kestlikkuse tagamisel.
- Erodeeritud (E) muldasid eristatakse nende erodeerituse määra ja mulla karbonaatsuse, kuid deluviaalseid (D) veerežiimi ja pealeuhtekihi tüseduse järgi.
- Kagu-Eesti erosioonist häiritud põllumajandus-maastike muldkatte orgaanilise süsiniku (OC) varud varieeruvad E muldades 24–36 Mg ha–1 ja D muldades 51–143 Mg ha–1, samas on aga nende muldade üldlämmastiku (NT) varud valdavalt piirides 2–3 Mg ha–1 ja 5–16 Mg ha–1.
- Erosioonist häiritud muldade suure osakaaluga muldkate talitleb OC akumulaatorina seoses E muldadel toodetud huumuse ümber paiknemise ja mattumisega D muldadesse ehk pikaks ajaks väljalülitumisega aktiivsest bioloogilisest ringest.
- Erosiooni-ala geomorfoloogilisest ja geoloogilisest mitmekesisusest tingitud suur mullastiku mitmekesisus on peamine mõjutegur ala bioloogilise mitmekesisuse kujunemises.
- Erosioonist häiritud põllumajandusmaade muldade pedo-ökoloogiliselt õige kasutamisega tagatakse ka piirkonna looduskaunite ja suure rekreatiivse väärtusega maastike säilimine.
Bikram Nepali1, Subash Subedi2, Sabin Bhattarai1, Santhosh Marahatta1, Devashish Bhandari1, Jiban Shrestha3
BIO-FERTILIZER ACTIVITY OF TRICHODERMA VIRIDE AND PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS AS GROWTH AND YIELD PROMOTER FOR MAIZE
191–195
Highlights:
- The bio-fertilizer potentiality of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens on maize growth and production was evaluated.
- The application of Trichoderma viride along with 50 % of recommended fertilizer dose (120:60:40 kg NPK ha–1) increased the growth traits of maize.
- The application of Pseudomonas fluorescens along with 50 % of recommended fertilizer dose (120:60:40 kg NPK ha–1) increased the yield and yield attributing traits of maize.
- The use of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens minimizes the usage of chemical fertilizers and reduces the cost of production.
Antonina Panfilova, Valentina Gamayunova, Irina Smirnova
INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZING WITH MODERN COMPLEX ORGANIC-MINERAL FERTILIZERS TO GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE
196–201
Highlights:
- The work is dedicated to the studies conducted in 2011–2016 on the southern chernozem in the southern Steppe of Ukraine, studied the efficiency of processing winter wheat crops modern growth-regulating drugs in the main periods of vegetation of the crop on the background of mineral fertilizers application.
- It was determined that the introduction of pre-sowing cultivation of winter wheat fertilizer in a dose of N30P30 (background) and the use of foliar fertilizing of crops at the beginning of the resumption of spring vegetation and the beginning of stooling complex organic fertilizer Escort-bio created favourable conditions for the formation of grain yield of the studied varieties.
- In the variants of fertilizer Escort-bio plants of winter wheat variety Kolchuga formed 4,48 t ha–1 of grain, and plants of Zamozhnist formed 4,99 t ha–1, which exceeded the control by 35,5 and 38,9%, respectively.
- By the optimization of winter wheat plant nutrition, the crude gluten content of winter wheat grain was 24.2 up to 25.1%, the protein content was 12.9 up to 13.2%, and the conditional protein yield of from 1 ha of sowing area was 0.58–0.66 t depending on the studied variety.
- From the studied varieties of winter wheat on a set of indicators, it was determined Zamozhnist as the best variety.
- In the conditions of the South of Ukraine optimization of winter wheat plant nutrition on the principles of resource-saving, ensures the increase of grain yield and significantly improves its quality.
Zinoviy Ruzhylo1, Volodymyr Bulgakov1, Valerii Adamchuk2, Anatoliy Bondarchuk3, Yevhen Ihnatiev4, Valentyna Krutyakova5, Jüri Olt6
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH INTO IMPACT OF KINEMATIC AND DESIGN PARAMETERS OF A SPIRAL POTATO SEPARATOR ON QUALITY OF PLANT RESIDUES AND SOIL SEPARATION
202–207
Oluline:
- Antud uuringu tulemused võimaldavad kirjeldada separeerimisprotsessi intensiivsust mõjutavaid tegureid ja seoseid.
- Nimetatud seosed võimaldavad määrata spiaalseparaatori optimaalseid konstruktiivseid ja kinemaatilisi parameetreid, mida saab kasutada kartulikombainide arendamisel ja projekteerimisel.
- Separaatori spiraali ringkiiruse V suurendamisel kuni 2 m s–1 ja separeerimispinna kaldenurga α suurendamisel kuni 12 kraadini, on võimalik saavutada 70 kg s–1 ületavat läbilaskevõimet ehk separeerimisintensiivust IS.
Oleksandr Smirnov, Andrii Zinchenko, Leila-Аnastasiia Karpets, Mariia Kovalenko, Nataliya Taran
SHORT COMMUNICATION: CHANGES OF COMPATIBLE SOLUTES CONTENT IN TRITICUM AESTIVUM AND TRITICUM DICOCCUM SEEDLINGS IN RESPONSE TO DROUGHT STRESS
208–211
Highlights:
- The response of three cultivars of wheat on polyethene glycol (PEG) modelling drought stress was evaluated.
- The results show that all analyzed drought resistance wheat genotypes – Triticum aestivum L. (Podolianka, Favorytka) and Triticum dicoccum Schrank. (Holikovska) presented the resilience-anisohydric strategy for water balance regulation.
- It is determined that chemical dehydration increased the efficiency of accumulation of osmoprotectants either protein or carbohydrate nature in all three tested cultivars of wheat seedlings.
Olena Solona, Volodymyr Kovbasa, Ihor Kupchuk
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SOIL STRAIN RATE WITH A PLOUGHSHARE FOR UNCOVERING SLIT
212–218
Highlights:
- For effective use of subsurface irrigation systems should ensure minimal water loss below the root layers. This can be achieved by using impervious screens.
- Installation of anti-seepage screens during the trenchless laying of irrigation systems can be ensured by creating a stable horizontal gap in the soil.
- To ensure the stability of the gap, a soil tool with certain geometric parameters and shapes must be used.
- Research of the contact interaction of the working body with the soil was carried out. The use of biharmonic and potential functions made it possible to determine the rate of soil deformation by the soil tool.
- Obtained analytical dependences of the rate of soil deformation depending on the geometric parameters of the soil tool.
- The results of kinematic studies of the interaction of the soil tool with the soil are the basis for the dynamic analysis of the process and ensuring its minimum energy consumption.
Yaroslav H. Tsytsiura
MODULAR-VITALITY AND IDEOTYPICAL APPROACH IN EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF CONSTRUCTION OF OILSEED RADISH AGROPHYTOCENOSISES (RAPHANUS SATIVUS VAR. OLEIFERA PERS.)
219–243
Highlights:
- Seven main phytocenological criteria of the cenosis structure of oilseed radish in interaction with six seeding rates and four fertilization options were investigated.
- Four typological blocks were identified, divided into 32 characters in the morphological structure of oilseed radish plants.
- Analyzed 18 features in the system of the complete correlation matrix for different variants of the seeding rate, fertilization background and type of hydrothermal vegetation regime.
- The main idiotypes of oilseed radish plants and the nature of the high-altitude tiering of the cenosis are distinguished by phytocoenological analysis.
- The optimum of idiotypic layered design of the cenosis of oilseed radish, taking into account the seeding rate, row spacing, fertilization level, hydrothermal parameters has been developed in the ratio of 1.5–2.0 million pcs. ha–1, wide-row (30 cm), 60 kg NPK ha–1, hydrothermal coefficient 0.9–1.1.
Kalika Prasad Upadhyay1, Narayan Bahadur Dhami2, Prem Nidhi Sharma3, Janaki Datta Neupane1, Jiban Shrestha4
GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSES OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) TO BIOCHAR
244–253
Highlights:
- The response of five types of biochar (Lantana camara, Ipomoea carnea, rice husk, sawdust, no biochar) on growth and yield attributes of potato was evaluated.
- The application of biochars derived from Lantana camera produced the highest number of tubers (6.1 tubers plant–1), the greatest weight of tubers (286.1 g plant–1) and the least damage of red ants on tubers (4.7%).
- It has been proved that the application of biochar increases marketable yield of potato grown in red ant prone areas.
RAAMATUTE ÜLEVAATED
Arvo Sirendi
TUTVUSTAV LÜHIÜLEVAADE EESTI TAIMEKASVATUSE INSTITUUDI JUUBELI PUHUL ILMUNUD RAAMATUST
255
KROONIKA
JUUBELID
IN MEMORIAM
MÄLESTUSPÄEVAD
TEATED
Märkus: Ajakirja nimi andmebaasides on Agraarteadus, seetõttu palume Teil sellele viitamisel seda nii ka nimetada.
Note: Our journal is referred to as Agraarteadus in databases, therefore we kindly ask you to cite it as indicated.
Avaldatud 31-12-2020