2022 * XXXIII * 1
SISUKORD
TEADUSARTIKLID
Adeola Adegoke, Kehinde Sanwo, Lawrence Egbeyale, Munirat Abatan, Modupe Oluwasinmi, Oluwaseun Adebesin, Oluwaseun Williams
CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND MEAT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETARY WHITE AND CAYENNE PEPPER POWDERS AS ADDITIVES
1
Highlights:
- The addition of 200 or 250 g of cayenne pepper powder (cp) to the Control diet (C) fed broiler chickens resulted in significantly larger breast muscle, while 200 g 100 kg–1 cp additive yielded higher meat: bone ratio – a significant gain to poultry farmers and meat processors that sell meat according to its weight.
- Meat linolenic and palmitoleic fatty acid were increased upon feeding chickens 2.5 g kg–1 white pepper (wp) additive to the Control.
- Palmitoleic acid – a rare fatty acid occasionally consumed in Western diets was found only in the meat of chickens fed C+200wp and C+125wp+125cp diets.
- Meat endogenous antioxidant profile reveals stress imposed on chickens was lowered by feeding C+125wp+125cp diet. Poultry farmers can take advantage of this level of pepper combination, especially in tropical climates loaded with environmental stressors.
- Overall profile promoting healthier cardiovascular function appears obtainable when chickens were given a C+125wp+125cp diet – depicted by its n3: n6 ratio and IA value.
- Feeding broiler chickens 250 g 100 kg–1 additive is recommended for post-slaughter storage as meat obtained had lower spoilage from rancidity (oxidative spoilage) as refrigeration storage progressed, indicating white pepper possesses bioactive compounds that can function as preservatives.
Muneer N. A. Al-Falahi1, Kamal H. Al-Dulaimi2, Emad Telfah Abdel Ghani3, Duraid K. A. Al-Taey4, Khaleel J. Farhan2
EFFECT OF HUMIC ACIDS AND THE AMOUNT OF MINERAL FERTILIZER ON SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF SALINE SOIL, GROWTH AND YIELD OF BROCCOLI PLANT UNDER SALT STRESS CONDITIONS
11
Highlights:
- The experiment aims to find the best amount of mineral fertilizer and humic acids that can reduce the effect of irrigation water and soil salinity and improve the broccoli plant's growth and yield.
- Humic acids and mineral fertilizers led to a reduction in the degree of electrical conductivity of the soil and the sodium adsorption ratio and a decrease in the concentration of sodium, sulfates, chloride and bicarbonate dissolved in the soil and an increase in the concentration of calcium and magnesium dissolved in the soil.
- Furthermore, It led to a significant increase in the values of plant height, leaf area and head weight of broccoli plants.
RESEARCH OF MECHANIZED PROCESS OF ORGANIC WASTE COMPOSTING
21
Highlights:
- The physical-mathematical model of the mechanized composting process of organic raw materials from agroecosystems by technical equipment with drum-blade working bodies has been theoretically substantiated and experimentally investigated.
- There has been developed the mathematical model that correlates the value of the mixing quality variation coefficient with the load factor and the kinematic indicator of the operating mode.
- It has been established that, if provided the composting pad layer height is the same, the use of a double-drum working body is more rational in terms of power loss in comparison with a single-drum one.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ZN AND CD IN SOIL AND PLANT
33
Highlights:In Soil:
- At low Zn:Cd ratios, Cd enhanced Zn availability and the relationship seems to be synergistic.
- 2:1 Zn:Cd ratios represent the maximum value of the synergism relationship.
- At high Zn:Cd ratios (3:1 and over) Zn enhanced Cd availability and their relationship seems to be antagonistic.
- Freundlich equation is a fit model describing Zn and Cd adsorption in a binary system in the soil.
Plant uptake:
- The base is Zn and Cd uptake by plants controlled by their relationship in soil
solution.- Four of five plant species followed this base with 80%.
- One of five plant species deviate from this base, so plant species' effect in Zn and Cd uptake is only 20%.
Duraid K. A. Al-Taey, Zahraa J. M. Al-Musawi
THE IMPACT OF NANO FERTILIZATION AND SALICYLIC ACID ON GROWTH, YIELD AND ANTI-OXIDANT CONTENTS IN ROCKET PLANT UNDER SALT STRESS
43
Highlights:
- This investigation aimed to study the effect of organic fertilizers, nano-fertilizers, and salicylic acid on the growth and yield of rocket (Eruca sativa L.) exposed to salt stress.
- Salinity had activated the non-enzymatic system against oxidative stress and reduced the other study parameters and yield. While the combination treatments (poultry manure + nano-NPK; poultry manure + salicylic acid + nano-NPK) alleviated the salinity effects.
- There is a positive correlation between Salinity and glutathione + proline while reducing the Glucosinolate, Ascorbate, and yield.
INVESTIGATION OF PROPERTIES OF SUNFLOWER AND RAPESEED OILS OBTAINED BY THE SOXHLET AND MICROWAVE EXTRACTION METHODS
48
Highlights:
- The possibility of using oil in food was established by conducting pilot laboratory studies and investigating changes in physicochemical parameters during storage. The extraction by the Soxhlet method (hexane as a solvent) was compared with the method of extraction of raw materials in a microwave field (ethyl alcohol as a solvent).
- The peroxide value of the oil obtained by the method of Soxhlet extraction (hexane as a solvent) was 5.0 (½O mmol) kg–1 and the peroxide value of the oil obtained by extraction in a microwave field (ethyl alcohol as a solvent) was 3.8 (½O mmol) kg–1.
- The anisidine value of the oil obtained by the method of Soxhlet extraction (hexane as a solvent) was 0.3 s.u. and the anisidine value of oil obtained by extraction in a microwave field (ethyl alcohol as a solvent) was 0.2 s.u.
- The comparison of the acid values of oils extracted from the raw material by different extraction methods shows that the oil obtained by the method of extraction of raw materials in a microwave field using ethyl alcohol as a solvent has the best acid value (2.1 (mg KOH) g–1 compare to 3.1 (mg KOH) g–1.)
Prayusha Bhattarai1, Babita Lamichhane1, Puja Subedi1, Amit Khanal1, Saroj Burlakoti1, Jiban Shrestha2
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CHARCOAL AND NITROGEN ON GROWTH AND YIELD TRAITS OF BROCCOLI
59
Highlights:
- The application of increasing nitrogen levels from 0 to 375 kg N ha–1 significantly increased the number of leaves, leaf area, head diameter, head weight and above-ground biomass in broccoli.
- The application of increasing levels of charcoal from 0 to 7.5 % by soil weight significantly improved root length, leaf area and head diameter in broccoli.
- The broccoli production can be maximized by applying 375 kg N ha–1.
Volodymyr Bulgakov1, Jüri Olt2, Semjons Ivanovs3, Oleksandra Trokhaniak1, Jaroslav Gadzalo4, Valerii Adamchuk5, Mykhailo Chernovol6, Simone Pascuzzi7, Francesco Santoro7, Margus Arak2
RESEARCH OF A CONTACT STRESSES IN SWIVEL ELEMENTS OF FLEXIBLE SHAFT IN SCREW CONVEYOR FOR TRANSPORTATION OF AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS
67
Highlights:
- On tehtud kontaktpingete arvutus painduva tigukonveieri tööseadise enim koormatud kuulliigendi elemendi kohta.
- Maksimaalsed kontaktpinged p tekkivad kuuli ja silindrilise liigendi soone tasapinnalise osa kokkupuutepunktis.
- Maksimaalne kontaktpinge p tekib tööseadise kuulliigend elementides mõjuva pöördemomendi T tõttu.
- Kontaktpingete p suurus oleneb soone koonilise pinna moodustaja asendinurgast g.
PRODUCTIVITY AND STABILITY OF FOOTHILL MEADOW SPECIES IN THE BALKAN MOUNTAINS CONDITIONS
74
Highlights:
- The present study aims to assess 8 meadow species (Festuca rubra, Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca arundinacea, Briza maxima, Trisetum flavescens, Agrostis alba), which are typical for the semi-mountainous regions in the Balkan Mountains conditions, by indicators and parameters related to productivity and stability.
- According to the values of most of the calculated stability parameters (bi, Si2, λi, σ2i, PP, W2, S⁽³⁾, S⁽⁶⁾, NP⁽¹⁾) Dactilis glomerata L. shows good ecological stability. The most unstable, but with a high yield of fresh mass is Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (bi = 1.62; 21.00 t ha–1).
- Complex evaluation by GGE biplot analysis identifies Festuca rubra L. as a species that favourably combines high productivity with relative stability. Also, Dactilis glomerata L. and Arrhenatherum elatius P.B. are characterized by high stability and yield close to the average for the group.
Yaroslava Hryhoriv1, Valentyna Nechyporenko2, Andrii Butenko2, Margarita Lyshenko2, Maksym Kozak3, Iryna Onopriienko2, Olena Shumkova2, Viktoriia Shumkova2, Lyudmyla Kriuchko2
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SWEET CORN GROWING WITH NUTRITION OPTIMIZATION
81
Highlights:
- The aim of the research based on an economic evaluation is to establish the efficiency of corn cultivation technologies for grain depending on the level of fertilization.
- Determine the most appropriate of them to realize the potential of crop productivity with maximum use of agro-climatic and industrial resources.
- It has been found that the economic efficiency of sweet corn growing technologies depends on the level of their intensity and is determined by the crop reaction to individual agricultural measures and their complex application in a single technological cycle.
- The results of the economic analysis of sweet corn agrotechnical showed that the best economic efficiency of crop production is ensured by applying mineral fertilizers standard N135P90K125 + N60 + N30, and plant density 60 000 plants ha–1.
- This agro-technical complex provided the maximum profitability of cultivation of 135%.
REDUTSEERIVATE SUHKRUTE SISALDUS EESTIS ENIMKASVATATUD KÖÖGIVILJADES SAAGIKORISTUSJÄRGSELT JA PÄRAST SÄILITAMIST
88
Oluline:
- Töö eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada köögiviljade sordid, mis nii koristusjärgselt kui ka kahel erineval temperatuuril (3 ja 8 °C) säilitatuna sisaldavad vähem redutseerivaid suhkruid.
- Kõige madalama redutseerivate suhkrute sisaldusega sordid olid kartulisort 'Birgit', punapeedisort 'Boro', kaalikasort 'Kohalik sinine' ja kõrvitsasort 'Gold Medal'.
- Kõik uuritud köögiviljad sisaldasid 3 °C juures säilitamise järgselt suuremal hulgal redutseeruvaid suhkruid kui 8 °C juures säilitatud.
EARTHWORMS (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) AND HEAVY METALS: CONTENT AND BIOACCUMULATION IN THE BODY
95
Highlights:
- The investigation is devoted to the earthworms, whose role in soil formation and maintenance of natural fertility causes the interest of soil scientists and ecologists.
- The paper shows the degree of bioaccumulation of heavy metals (copper, zinc and lead) in the body of earthworms.
- Research provided with three species of earthworms – Aporrectodea rosea (Savigny, 1826), Eisenia veneta (Rosa, 1886) and Allolobophora chlorotica (Savigny, 1826).
- Statistical analysis showed that there are no significant differences between earthworm species in terms of the content of heavy metals.
Raimo Kõlli, Enn Leedu
TEHISMULLAD EESTI MULDADE KLASSIFIKATSIOONIS: NOMENKLATUUR, RAJAMINE JA ERINEVUSED-SARNASUSED NORMAALSELT ARENENUD MULDADEGA
101
Oluline:
- Eesti aasta 2022 mullaks on valitud tehismuld, mis on rajatud tehnoloogiliselt ümbertöötatud looduslikele setetele, tööstusliku päritoluga materjalidele või paljandpinnastele
- Tehismuldadeks ei peeta vaid huumushorisondi ulatuses läbisegatud muldasid
- Pinnasest tekkinud tehismulla tunnus on kestvalt talitlev taim-muld süsteem
- Eesti muldade klassifikatsioonis on tehismulla rajamise viisi ja veerežiimi alusel eristatud 17 tehismullaliiki
- Tehismullad võivad olla rajatud puistangule, eemaldatud muldkatte asemele, sügavalt läbisegatud muldsele materjalile või katmaks normaalse arenguga muldkatet
- Veeolude järgi eristatakse automorfsed, niisked ja märjad mineraalsed tehismullad ning madalsoode ja rabade tehis-turvasmullad
APPLICATION EFFICACY OF NEWLY RELEASED PRE-MIXED HERBICIDE IN WINTER WHEAT: JOYSTICK®
118
Highlights:
- Tank-mixing Bromicide®MA + Axial® can be effectively applied in wheat.
- Joystick® applied at the labelled dose did not effective compared with Othello®.
- The greater the WCE of herbicides, the more the number of spikes m2 –1 and grains spike–1 of wheat.
- Joystick® was less effective against L. rigidum.
short communication: GUTTATION OF OAT AND WHEAT AND THE RESULTS OF ITS COMPARISON WITH THE YIELD
124
Highlights:
- Results of comparison between guttation and yield in grain crop cereals.
- The objects of research were oat (variety “Eugen”) and spring wheat (variety “Manu”) which went through the stages of germinating their seeds (in vitro).
- The laboratory experiments were carried out (2015–2016) in the Saku Sector laboratory of the Estonian Crop Research Institute (ECRI).
- The comparison between relative guttation and relative yield is described by a straightforward relationship.
- The entire experiment takes about one week, and the first results of droplet prints on filter paper can be obtained after 60 hours.
- This is the novelty of our approach which provides the necessary prerequisites for both increasing the reliability of conclusions regarding the yield obtained and with its forecast.
EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT ADJUVANTS ON EFFICACY OF STELLAR (TOPREMAZONE PLUS DICAMBA) APPLIED AT REDUCED RATES IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
128
Highlights:
- The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of different adjuvants on the efficacy of Stellar applied at reduced rates and to determine its effect on maize weed control and grain yield.
- Efficacy of herbicide and herbicide plus adjuvants treatments in control of prevailing weeds 28 and 56 DAT ranged from 22–100% in Tetovo locality and 30–100% in Skopje locality, respectively.
- It is quite interesting that no visual maize injured was determined by any herbicide treatments in both localities for both years.
- Maize grain yields for each treatment in both localities generally reflected overall weed control.
EFFECT OF FUNGICIDES ON MYCOSIS PROGRESSION AND POTATO YIELDS
139
Highlights:
- Investigated the efficacy of fungicides Ridomil Gold MC 68 WP, (mancozeb, 640 g kg–1 + metalaxyl M, 40 g kg–1), Infinito 61 SC, 68.75% (fluopycolide, 62.5 g L–1 + propamocarb hydrochloride, 625 g L–1) – 1.5 L ha–1, Quadris TOP 325 SC, 32.5% (azoxystrobin, 200 g L–1 + difenoconazole, 125 g L–1) against late blight and early blight and their effects on yield and tuber quality of the early maturing potato variety Bellarosa.
- Application of fungicides in the potato plantings against late blight and early blight reduces the spread of the leaf spot by 1.4–2.0 times at the end of the vegetation period, and its development – by 1.8–2.9 times in comparison with the Control variant.
- The use of fungicides against leaf spot promotes an increase in the yield of Bellarosa potato tubers in the range of 4.5–10.9 t ha–1
- The best indicators were obtained when using the fungicide Infinito 61 SC, 68.75% in potato plantings against late blight and early blight.
- The use of fungicides also contributed to the growth of dry matter and ascorbic acid in the tubers.
RETROSPECTIVE: DURATION AND EFFICIENCY OF DAIRY COWS PRODUCTIVE LIFESPAN DEPENDING ON AGE AT FIRST CALVING AND FIRST LACTATION MILK PRODUCTIVITY
146
Highlights:
- The influence of age at first calving and first lactation milk yield on the duration and efficiency of the productive lifespan of cows was studied.
- The results showed that with the increase of age at first calving from less than 22 to more than 34 months there was a steady tendency to reduction in the longevity and lifetime productivity of cows. According to the set of features, the most rational is the planning of age at first calving before 26 months, i.e. heifers need to be served before 15 months of age.
- With the first lactation milk yield increases and the duration and efficiency of the productive lifespan of cows increase curvilinearly. The productive lifespan of cows with first lactation milk yield over 6 000 kg can be considered quite effective, as long as provides a lifetime milk yield of more than 24 tons and a lifetime milk fat and milk protein yields of more than 1.7 tons.
- The age at first calving determines 3.0–21.2% of the phenotypic variability of the duration and efficiency of productive lifespan of cows (P <0.001), the milk yield of primiparous cow – 3.60–35.6% (Р <0.001).
FORTIFICATION OF MEAT PRODUCTS OF GEESE FARMING WITH LITHIUM BY INTRODUCING IT INTO POULTRY MIXED FEED
154
Highlights:
- The features of lithium accumulation in the muscle tissue and liver of young goslings are revealed and the possibility of enrichment of meat products with this trace element is proved by its level regulation in mixed feed.
- With the increase in the level of lithium in the feed mix for geese its concentration in muscle tissue and liver of poultry was increasing correspondently.
- Тhe concentration of lithium in tissues and organs of gosling increases in the following range: the muscles of the thigh and drumstick < muscles of the breast < liver.
- The fairly high values of lithium in the biological accumulation coefficients in organs and tissues of gosling (3.21–14.44) indicated that this element has a substantial accumulating capacity.
- The consumption of lithium-enriched goslings’ meat within the recommended physiological norms in Ukraine can cover up to 14.0% of the daily requirement of an adult in this trace element.
- The meat of young goslings can be significantly enriched with lithium, and consequently can be considered a natural functional product that may be included into daily the diet of the human.
Marina Stamatopoulou, Irini Tzimitra-Kalogianni
CONSUMERS' PROFILE ANALYSIS FOR CHICKEN MEAT, DURING THE FIRST WAVE OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CASE OF NORTHERN GREECE
162
Highlights:
- This study aims to segment Greek consumers according to their food-related lifestyles values and tries to identify the aspects that may determine consumers' behaviour towards chicken meat, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Uni- and multivariate statistical techniques have been used.
- Consumers' profiles were analysed with the use of variables: gender, age, marital status, educational level, monthly income and chicken meat quality cues.
- Four consumer segments appeared: "Sociable and safety seekers", "Light concerned and cooks", "Unconcerned and price seekers", "Innovative and moderate concerned'.
ESTIMATION OF SPECIES ALLELOPATHIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PERENNIAL WEEDS BY DETAILING THE FORMATION PERIOD OF GERMINATED SEEDS OF OILSEED RADISH (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) AS THE TEST OBJECT
176
Highlights:
- The allelopathic reaction of oil radish at the stage of germination to aqueous extracts of the main perennial weeds of the dynamic range of concentrations 0.25–16.0% was identified.
- Binary germination methodology (filter paper and soil) was used.
- The efficiency of oilseed radish competitiveness to perennial weeds on the basis of periodization and prolongation of the formation of the share of germinated seeds in the daily accounting is determined.
Oleksiy Tsyuk1, Mykola Tkachenko2, Andrii Butenko3, Yurii Mishchenko3, Iryna Kondratiuk2, Dmytro Litvinov1, Yuliia Tsiuk4, Yurii Sleptsov1
CHANGES IN THE NITROGEN COMPOUND TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES OF TYPICAL CHERNOZEM DEPENDING ON THE TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND FERTILIZERS
192
Highlights:
- The number of microorganisms responsible for the transformation of nitrogen compounds and their state in typical black soil was studied.
- The use of an organic-mineral fertilizer system increases the total number of soil microorganisms and exponential mobilization processes, compared to the variant without fertilizers.
- The ratio between the number of microorganisms accounted for the nutrient laboratory solutions for organic-mineral fertilizer system, compared to variants without fertilizers, is greater by 20–26% for differentiated and 14–35% for shallow tillage.
- A study of the impact of the transformation of nitrogen compounds of chernozem typical of tillage and fertilizer systems showed that without the use of fertilizers microorganisms that use mineral forms of nitrogen, their number increased by 27%, and the organo-mineral system – by 1.6 times.
- There was a decrease in ammonifying bacteria in non-shelf tillage by 1.5–5.7% compared to shelf tillage.
- The coefficient of mineralization – immobilization of nitrogen is significantly reduced by 3–13% with shallow tillage compared to differentiated.
THE MODEL FOR RANDOM PACKAGING OF SMALL-SEEDED CROPS’ SEEDS IN THE RESERVOIR OF SELECTION SEEDERS SOWING UNIT
199
Highlights:
- Because of research, the mathematical model of casual packing of seeds of small-seeded cultures incapacity of the sowing device of a selection seeder is developed that allowed defining the equation of regression of its density from an effective diameter of seeds and coefficient of variation of this diameter.
- As a result of research of process of work of the batcher of the sowing device of a selection seeder regularity of change of its throughput from an angle of inclination of a gate, type of a form of executions (triangle, semicircle, rectangle) in the form of a polynomial of the third degree are received.
- It was established that the choice of the triangular shape of the dispenser allows for ensuring the highest accuracy of seed dosing.
Viacheslav Yatsenko, Serhii Poltoretskyi, Ivan Mostoviak, Nataliia Vorobiova, Oleh Lazariev, Vitalii Kravchenko
THE EFFECT OF SUPERABSORBENT AND DIFFERENT RATES OF THE LOCAL FERTILIZER ON GARLIC PRODUCTIVITY IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
209
Highlights:
- The results showed that the use of SAP and local application of fertilizers with increasing their rate, a significant increase in chlorophyll b and the amount of chlorophylls. However, the use of SAP reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the leaf (SOD by 9.5–23.2 %; GST by 7.4–13.4 %; POD by 8.4–19.0 %).
- The weight of the bulb with the use of absorbent increased by 31.2–45.4 % compared to similar options without the introduction of absorbent. The local application of fertilizers without absorbent increased the weight of the bulb by 18.4–22.6 % relative to control.
- The local fertilizer without absorbent increased garlic yield by 3.5–13.9 % relative to control. With the introduction of the absorbent the local application of fertilizers contributed to the increase of yield by 4.2–25.4 %.
- The application of fertilizers at the rate of 50 and 75 % separately and together with the absorbent contributed to the improvement of nutritional value (dry mater, ash, proteins, carbohydrates, fat and caloric content of products).
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