2023 * XXXIV * 1

SISUKORD

OTSELINK
https://agrt.emu.ee/pdf/contents/2023_1_contents.pdf

TEADUSARTIKLID


VAHEKULTUURIDE BIOMASSI MOODUSTAMISE JA LÄMMASTIKU SIDUMISE VÕIME NING MÕJU SUVIODRA SAAGILE
1
ABSTRACT
THE EFFECT OF COVER CROPS ON BIOMASS AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND ON SPRING BARLEY YIELD
ORCID logo Merili Toom1, ORCID logo Liina Talgre2, Sirje Tamm1, ORCID logo Ülle Tamm1, ORCID logo Ilmar Tamm1, ORCID logo Lea Narits1, ORCID logo Tiina Talve1, ORCID logo Liina Edesi1, Enn Lauringson2
1Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge, J. Aamisepa 1, 48309 Jõgeva, Estonia
2Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Chair of Soil Science, 5 Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi St., 51006 Tartu, Estonia

Cover crops play an important role in preventing nutrient loss, reducing agricultural inputs, improving soil quality and environmental sustainability. The objectives of the study were to determine the biomass and nitrogen accumulation of cover crops and their effect on the following spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Field trials with cover crop species winter rye (Secale cereale L), winter turnip rape (Brassica rapa spp. oleifera L.), forage radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. longipinnatus), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) were carried out during four growing seasons (2016/17, 2017/18, 2018/19, and 2019/20) at the Estonian Crop Research Institute (present: The Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge, METK). Cover crop biomass and N accumulation in autumn and in spring depended on species and growing conditions. The biomass and nitrogen (N) accumulation were at their lowest in the first growing season (2016/17) due to lowest level of effective temperatures. Forage radish accumulated the highest amount of biomass and N in autumn. Berseem clover accumulated lowest amount of biomass and N in the year with drought conditions (2018) before sowing. Among overwintered cover crops, hairy vetch accumulated the highest amount of N in the spring although its biomass was similar to winter turnip rape. Winter rye had the lowest biomass and N accumulation in spring. As an average over the four years, only forage radish and hairy vetch significantly increased the yield of subsequent barley. None of the cover crops had a negative effect on barley, as the yield level following other species was similar to the control without cover crop. The knowledge about cover crop selection is useful to integrate suitable species into Estonian cropping systems.
Keywords: cover crops, biomass, nitrogen accumulation, crop yield
Source: Agraarteadus, 2023, 34(1):1–8
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.23.01

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VIITAMINE
Toom, M., Talgre, L., Tamm, S., Tamm, Ü., Tamm, I., Narits, L., Talve, T., Edesi, L., Lauringson. E. 2023. The effect of cover crops on biomass and nitrogen accumulation and on spring barley yield. Agraarteadus, 34(1):1–8. DOI: 10.15159/jas.23.01. [In Estonian]
Toom, M., Talgre, L., Tamm, S., Tamm, Ü., Tamm, I., Narits, L., Talve, T., Edesi, L., Lauringson. E. 2023. Vahekultuuride biomassi moodustamise ja lämmastiku sidumise võime ning mõju suviodra saagile. Agraarteadus, 34(1):1–8. DOI: 10.15159/jas.23.01. [In Estonian]
 
AUTORI KONTAKT
1Maaelu Teadmuskeskus, J. Aamisepa 1, 48309 Jõgeva
2Eesti Maaülikool, põllumajandus ja keskkonnainstituut, mullateaduse õppetool, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu


 
Oluline: 
  • Vahekultuuride biomass ja N sidumise võime nii sügisel kui ka kevadel sõltusid liigist, kasvuperioodi pikkusest ja ilmastikutingimustest.
  • Sügisel oli suurima biomassi ja N sidumise võimega kesaredis.
  • Aleksandria ristik oli põuatundlik, moodustades väikseima biomassi aastal, mil vahekultuuride külvile eelnes kuiv periood.
  • Talvituvatest vahekultuuridest oli kevadel suurima N sidumise võimega talivikk.
  • Väikseima biomassi ja N sidumise võimega oli talirukis.
  • Aastate keskmisena suurendasid vaid kesaredis ja talivikk usutavalt järgneva suviodra saaki, teiste variantide puhul statistiliselt olulised erinevused puudusid.

SULFOONAMIIDIDE JA FLUOROKINOLOONIDE AKUMULEERUMINE MULLAST TAIMEDESSE
9
ABSTRACT
ACCUMULATION OF SULFONAMIDES AND FLUOROQUINOLONES FROM SOIL TO PLANTS
ORCID logo Merike Lillenberg1, ORCID logo Karin Kipper2, ORCID logo Koit Herodes2, ORCID logo Alar Astover3, ORCID logo Avo Toomsoo3, ORCID logo Dea Anton1, ORCID logo Lembit Nei4
1Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
2Tartu University, Department of Chemistry, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
3Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Chair of Soil Science, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
4
Tallinn University of Technology, Tartu College, Puiestee 78, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
The current study was conducted to determine the potential for some antibiotics to be taken up by food plants from soil fertilized with manure, sewage sludge or its compost containing antibiotic residues. The plants (potato – Solanum tuberosum L., carrot – Daucus carota L., and wheat – Triticum aestivum L.) were cultivated in greenhouse under natural light conditions in the presence of three fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin), and two sulfonamides (sulfadimethoxine and sulfamethoxazole). The uptake of antibiotics was demonstrated from two different soils (loamy and loamy sand). The concentrations of each antibiotic in soil were 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 10 mg kg–1. The antibiotics were extracted from the plants using the liquid extraction (LE) and cleaned up by the solid phase extraction (SPE). The extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The accumulation range depended on antibiotic con­centration in soil, chemical properties of the antibiotic, soil type, plant species and parts (overground or below-ground). At soil concentrations of 10 mg kg–1 antibiotics accumulated in edible parts of most plants in amounts, which exceeded their maximum residue levels (MRL) set for food of animal origin – 100 µg kg–1. The highest average content of antibiotics was detected in potato tubers and carrot roots grown in the loamy sand soil – 3897 µg kg–1 and 3400 µg kg–1 sulfamethoxazole. Plants accumulated antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin) from soil even at soil concentration of 0.01 mg kg–1. Mostly the highest concentrations of antibiotics were detected in below-ground parts of the plants grown in the loamy-sand soil.
Keywords: plant uptake, soil, fertilization, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, LC-ESI-MS/MS
Source: Agraarteadus, 2023, 34(1):9–17
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.23.04

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VIITAMINE
Lillenberg, M., Kipper, K., Herodes, K., Astover, A., Toomsoo, A., Anton, D., Nei, L. 2022. Accumulation of sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones from soil to plants. Agraarteadus, 34(1):9–17. DOI: 10.15159/jas.23.04. [In Estonian]
Lillenberg, M., Kipper, K., Herodes, K., Astover, A., Toomsoo, A., Anton, D., Nei, L. 2022. Sulfoonamiidide ja fluorokinoloonide akumuleerumine mullast taimedesse. Agraarteadus, 34(1):9–17. DOI: 10.15159/jas.23.04. [In Estonian]
 
AUTORI KONTAKT
1Eesti Maaülikool, veterinaarmeditsiini ja loomakasvatuse instituut, veterinaarse biomeditsiini ja toiduhügieeni õppetool, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51014 Tartu
2Tartu Ülikool, keemia instituut, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu
3Eesti Maaülikool, põllumajandus- ja keskkonnainstituut, mullateaduse õppetool, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu
4
Tallinna Tehnikaülikool, Tartu Kolledž, Puiestee 78, 51008 Tartu


 
Oluline: 
  • Sõnniku ja reoveesette kompostiga satuvad antibiootikumid põldudele, kus võivad kahjustada kultuurtaimi.
  • Fluorokinoloonid ja sulfoonamiidid akumuleeruvad pikema kasvuperioodi jooksul toidutaimedes.
  • Fluorokinoloonide sisaldus tuvastati kartulis ja porgandis, mis kasvasid mullas antibiootikumide kontsentratsiooniga 0,01 mg kg–1.
  • Mulla antibiootikumide sisalduse 10 mg kg–1 juures migreerusid fluorokinoloonid ja sulfoonamiidid taimedesse kogustes, mis ületasid nende lubatud piirnormi loomses toormes. Nisutaimedel tekkis kloroos ja need hävisid enne õitsemist. Nende lehtedes leiti suur fluorokinoloonide ja sulfoonamiidide sisaldus.
  • Madalamatel mulla antibiootikumide kontsentratsioonidel kasvanud nisu seemnetes tuvastati fluorokinoloonide ja sulfoonamiidide sisaldus, kuid see jäi alla loomse toorme piirnormi.
  • Toiduga üliväikestes kogustes antibiootikumide omastamine võib põhjustada inimese ja looma organismis resistentsete bakteritüvede arenemise.

UMBROHTUDE BIOMASSI, ARVUKUSE JA MITMEKESISUSE MUUTUSED PIKAAJALISE KÜLVIKORRA KATSE TEISES ROTATSIOONIS
18
ABSTRACT
CHANGES IN WEED BIOMASS, DENSITY AND DIVERSITY IN LONG-TERM CROP ROTATION EXPERIMENT DURING SECOND ROTATION
ORCID logo Helena Madsen, ORCID logo Anne Luik, ORCID logo Viacheslav Eremeev, ORCID logo Erkki Mäeorg ORCID logo Liina Talgre
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
The effects of long term (established in 2008) five-field crop rotation (barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with undersown red clover (Trifo­ium pratense L.), red clover, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)) on the biomass, abundance and diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) of weeds in three organic (Org) and two conventional (Conv) systems after the second rotation were investigated. The results include data from the second rotation in 2013 – 2017. The control system (Org 0) followed only the crop rotation. In the organic systems Org I and Org II winter cover crops were used. In Org II system composted cattle manure was also applied. The conventional cropping systems were treated with herbicides and fungicides and system Conv 0 acted as control (no fertilizer use). Mineral fertilizer was used in Conv II. In general, the significant differences were evident between conventional and organic cropping systems. There were also some differences depending on the crop. The weed biomass was the lowest in barley and potato plots, with significantly higher values in organic than in conventional systems. In clover plots the highest biomass of weeds occurred in Conv II whilst the lowest in Org I. In winter wheat plots the biomass of weeds was significantly lower in conventional systems than in any of the organic systems. Pea plots had the highest biomass, abundance and diversity of weeds in all systems within all rotational crops. Slight tendencies showed the decrease of weed abundance and diversity at the end of the rotation in systems with cover crops (Org I and Org II). This could be explained by better growing conditions due to higher microbial activity and organic carbon content in the soil of organic systems.
Keywords: Shannon-Wiener diversity index, winter cover crops, organic farming, weed control, crop rotation
Source: Agraarteadus, 2023, 34(1):18–30
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.23.05

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VIITAMINE
Madsen, H., Luik, A., Eremeev, V., Mäeorg, E., Talgre, L. 2022. Changes in weed biomass, density and diversity in long-term crop rotation experiment during second rotation. Agraarteadus, 34(1):18–30. DOI: 10.15159/jas.23.05. [In Estonian]
Madsen, H., Luik, A., Eremeev, V., Mäeorg, E., Talgre, L. 2022. Umbrohtude biomassi, arvukuse ja mitmekesisuse muutused pikaajalise külvikorra katse teises rotatsioonis. Agraarteadus, 34(1):18–30. DOI: 10.15159/jas.23.05. [In Estonian]
 
AUTORI KONTAKT
Eesti Maaülikool, põllumajandus- ja keskkonnainstituut, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu

 
Oluline: 
  • Umbrohud on põllukoosluste vajalikud elemendid keskkonna ökoloogilise tasakaalu säilitamiseks.
  • Viljelusviiside mõju umbrohtude biomassile ning arvukusele nii esimeses kui teises rotatsioonis ilmnes kõige märkimisväärsemalt mahe- ja tavasüsteemide vahel, samas kui süsteemide sees usutavaid erinevusi esile ei tõusnud.
  • Mahesüsteemide liikide mitmekesisus kasvas teise rotatsiooni jooksul, samas kui tavasüsteemides see vähenes.
  • Mahesüsteemides oli kõrgeim mitmekesisus rotatsiooni lõpuks vahekultuuridega Mahe I süsteemis, mis on ilmselt selgitatavad soodsamate kasvutingimuste, keemiliste häiringute puudumise ning paremate mullaomadustega.
  • Tava II süsteemis osutus umbrohtude biomass kõrgemaks, kuid arvukus ja ka mitmekesisus madalamaks tõenäoliselt väetamise tõttu, mis varustasid nii kultuur- kui umbrohutaimi toitainetega, soodustades sealjuures teatavate umbrohuliikide domineerimist.

KLIIMAMUUTUSTEGA SEOTUD KOHANEMISMEETMETE RAKENDAMINE PÕLLUMAJANDUSETTEVÕTETES
31
ABSTRACT
IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION MEASURES RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
ORCID logo Krista Nurk1, ORCID logo Maire Nurmet2
1Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge, Seed Centre, J. Aamisepa 1, 48309 Jõgeva, Estonia
2Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Chair of Economics in Rural Economy, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
Agriculture is facing severe changes due to climate change and extreme weather events. Attention to climate change has been high­lighted in the Common Agricultural Policy, the issue of risk management. Imple­mentation of risk management methods among farmers who make their everyday business decisions in uncertainty, is part of decision making, and depends on the farmers experience and knowledge. This paper aims to find out the assessments of Estonian farmers about the risk fac­tors arising from climate change and the importance of coping adaption mea­sures to climate change. Data from a web-based questionnaire survey of questions with structured statements on perception of production risk and adaption measures were analysed. The main results showed that perception of production risk differed by farmers’ age, geographical area and farm sizes. Relevant risk management practices were different according to farm annual revenue, geographical area and the age of a farmer. The results could be used by agricultural policy makers. Future policies for the agricultural sector are elemental to ensure success in farm-scale implementation. Based on this study it could be further explored risk management practices, which are already used by farmers. It is important because climate change and extreme weather events are increasing, and risk management practices are needed for adaptation.
Keywords: risk factors in agricultural production, climate change, adaption measures
Source: Agraarteadus, 2023, 34(1):31–38
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.23.06

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VIITAMINE
Nurk, K., Nurmet, M. 2022. Implementation of adaptation measures related to climate change in agricultural enterprises. Agraarteadus, 34(1):31–38. DOI: 10.15159/jas.23.06. [In Estonian]
Nurk, K., Nurmet, M. 2022. Kliimamuutustega seotud kohanemismeetmete rakendamine põllumajandusettevõtetes. Agraarteadus, 34(1):31–38. DOI: 10.15159/jas.23.06. [In Estonian]
 
AUTORI KONTAKT
1Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge, Seed Centre, J. Aamisepa 1, 48309 Jõgeva, Estonia
2Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Chair of Economics in Rural Economy, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia


 
Oluline: 
  • Kliimamuutustega kaasnevaks suurimaks ohuks on põud ja sellest tulenev kahju.
  • Põllumajandustootjate seas on tootmisriskide tajumine erinev.
  • Oluliseks kohanemismeetmeks on külvikorra planeerimine ja järgmine.
  • Talvise taimkatte rajamine on oluline mullatervise parendamiseks.
  • Riskijuhtimise meetmetest olulisemad on uute tehnoloogiate kasutuselevõtt ja valmidus kanda äririske.
  • Tootmisriskide realiseerumisel ja müügitulu vähenemise korral vähendatakse ka investeeringumahtu.

QUANTITY OF COLOURING SUBSTANCE IN GRAPES AND RAISINS FROM SEEDLESS HYBRID FORMS WITH COLOURED GRAPE JUICE (Vitis vinifera L.)
39
ABSTRACT
QUANTITY OF COLOURING SUBSTANCE IN GRAPES AND RAISINS FROM SEEDLESS HYBRID FORMS WITH COLOURED GRAPE JUICE (Vitis vinifera L.)
ORCID logo Venelin Roychev1, ORCID logo Neli Keranova2
1Department of Viticulture, Faculty of Horticulture with Viticulture, Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
2Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Economics, Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
A study of the amount of colouring substance in the skins and juice of grapes and raisins of seedless vine forms with coloured grape juice of six hybrid combinations was performed. It was found that most of the hybrid forms of all crosses were superior to the mother variety Alicante Bouschet in the amount of anthocyanins in the grape juice, and only a few ones have mathematically proven differences. Most of them do not differ from the parent variety in colour intensity and colour shade, as well as in the percentage of yellow, red and blue colour. The ‘Alicante Bouschet’ variety has a proven lower content of anthocyanins in the skins of grapes and raisins of several hybrid forms. There is a proven high or moderate positive correlation between the content of anthocyanins in the skins and the juice of the grapes and the intensity of the colour in the hybrid forms of most crosses. Approximately 47% of the increase in the intensity of the colour of the grape juice can be explained by an increase in the amount of anthocyanins, and only 27% of the reasons for the changes in the intensity of the colour of the grapes are due to factors that do not affect changes in the content of anthocyanins in them.
Keywords: colouring substance, skins and grape juice, raisins, seedless colouring hybrid forms
Source: Agraarteadus, 2023, 34(1):39–43
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.23.02

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VIITAMINE
Roychev, V., Keranova, N. 2022. Quantity of colouring substance in grapes and raisins from seedless hybrid forms with coloured grape juice (Vitis vinifera L.). Agraarteadus, 34(1):39–43. DOI: 10.15159/jas.23.02
 
AUTORI KONTAKT
1Department of Viticulture, Faculty of Horticulture with Viticulture, Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
2Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Economics, Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria


 
Highlights: 
  • The quantitative determination of the colouring substance of the different vine varieties with red skin of the grapes is important for their ampelographic characteristics and for oenological practice.
  • A study of the amount of colouring substance in the skins and juice of grapes and raisins of seedless vine forms with coloured grape juice of six hybrid combinations was performed.
  • The majority of the studied seedless colouring hybrid forms of all crosses are superior to the mother variety ‘Alicante Bouschet’ in the amount of anthocyanins in the juice of the grapes, and only a few differences are mathematically proven.
  • Most of them do not differ from the parent variety in colour intensity and colour shade, as well as in the percentage of yellow, red and blue colour.
  • There is a proven high or moderate positive correlation between the content of anthocyanins in the juice of the grapes and the intensity of the colour in the hybrid forms of most crosses, and in some of them - negative or slightly positive between the anthocyanins and the red colour, and moderately negative with the blue colour.
  • The amount of anthocyanins in the skins of the grapes is in a very strong, positive relation with the intensity of the colour in the seedless colouring forms of all hybrid combinations.
  • Approximately 47% of the increase in the intensity of the colour of the grape juice in hybrid forms can be explained by an increase in the amount of anthocyanins.
  • Only 27% of the reasons for the changes in the colour intensity in the skins of the grapes are due to factors which have no influence over the content of anthocyanins in them.

Mykhailo Voitovyk1, ORCID logo Andrii Butenko2, ORCID logo Іvan Prymak1, Yurii Mishchenko2, Mykola Tkachenko4, Оleksii Tsyuk3, Оleksandr Panchenko1, ORCID logo Yurii Sleptsov3, Tetiana Kopylova5, ORCID logo Oleksandr Havryliuk3
INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZING AND TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON HUMUS CONTENT OF TYPICAL CHERNOZEM
44
ABSTRACT
INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZING AND TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON HUMUS CONTENT OF TYPICAL CHERNOZEM
Mykhailo Voitovyk1, ORCID logo Andrii Butenko2, ORCID logo Іvan Prymak1, Yurii Mishchenko2, Mykola Tkachenko4, Оleksii Tsyuk3, Оleksandr Panchenko1, ORCID logo Yurii Sleptsov3, Tetiana Kopylova5, ORCID logo Oleksandr Havryliuk3
1Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, 8/1, str. Soborna square, Bila Tserkva, Kyiv region, 09117, Ukraine
2Sumy National Agrarian University, H. Kondratieva St., 160, Sumy, 40021, Ukraine
3National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroiv Oborony St., 12А, UA03041, Kyiv, Ukraine
4National Scientific Center “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS”, Kyiv, Ukraine
5National Dendrological Park “Sofiyivka” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12a St. Kyivska, Uman, Cherkasy region, 20300, Ukraine
The study aimed to measure the effect of tillage and fertilizing systems in short crop rotation on the content, and сomposition of humuse’s substances in soil’s type as typical chernozem of the zone Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The highest humus content was determined in the variant with the application of 11.5 t ha–1 of organic fertilizers + N27P38K45 kg ha–1. The humus content in the 0–10 cm layer against the background of shallow tillage without a moldboard was 4.25%, with moaldboard-subsurface tillage – 4.23%. These tillage systems have the most favourable effect on the formation and humus matter (t ha–1). The humus storage in the variant of shallow subsurface tillage was 41.4 t ha–1, i.e. 1.3 t less than in differentiated tillage. The use of soil without fertilizing led to significant humus losses and deterioration of the compound of humus substances due to mineralization processes that prevail over immobilization processes. When applying 11.5 t of organic fertilizers and (N27P38K45) mineral fertilizers per hectare of crop rotation area, the number of humic substances increased significantly and the amount of fulvic acids in the top layer decreased. The ratio of HA (Humic acids) to FA (Fulvic acids) is 2.48. The type of humus formation is humus-fulvatic.
Keywords: humus, humic and fulvic acids, type of humus, fertilizing system, crop rotation, tillage, chernozem
Source: Agraarteadus, 2023, 34(1):44–50
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.23.03

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VIITAMINE
Voitovyk, М., Butenko, A., Prymak, І., Mishchenko, Y., Tkachenko, M., Tsyuk, О., Panchenko, О., Sleptsov, Y., Kopylova, T., Havryliuk, O. 2022. Influence of fertilizing and tillage systems on humus content of typical chernozem. Agraarteadus, 34(1):44–50. DOI: 10.15159/jas.23.03.
 
AUTORI KONTAKT
1Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, 8/1, St. Soborna square, Bila Tserkva, Kyiv region, 09117, Ukraine
2Sumy National Agrarian University, H. Kondratieva St., 160, Sumy, 40021, Ukraine
3National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroiv Oborony St., 12А, UA03041, Kyiv, Ukraine
4National Scientific Center “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS”, Kyiv, Ukraine
5National Dendrological Park “Sofiyivka” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12a St. Kyivska, Uman, Cherkasy region, 20300, Ukraine


 
Highlights: 
  • The article presents the results of a study of the impact of different tillage and fertilization systems in short-rotational crop rotation on the content, reserves, and qualitative composition of black soil humus of the typical Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine.
  • The use of soil without fertilizer led to significant losses of humus and deterioration of the quality composition due to the predominance of mineralization processes over immobilization processes.
  • When applying 11.5 ha–1 of organic fertilizers and (N27P38K45) mineral fertilizers per hectare of crop rotation area, the amount of humic substances significantly increased and the amount of fulvic acids in the upper layer decreased.
  • The ratio of HA (humic acids) to FC (fulvic acids) is 2.48.

ÜLEVAADE TAIMSETE LISANDITE ANTIMIKROOBSE TOIME UURINGUTEST IN VITRO JA TOORETES SEAHAKKLIHATOODETES
51
ABSTRACT
OVERVIEW OF STUDIES ON THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF PLANT ADDITIVES IN VITRO AND IN RAW MINCED PORK PRODUCTS
ORCID logo Kadrin Meremäe1, ORCID logo Julia Koskar2, ORCID logo Tõnu Püssa1, ORCID logo Piret Raudsepp1, ORCID logo Dea Anton1, ORCID logo Mati Roasto 1
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51014 Tartu, Estonia

Plant additives can be used in food technologies as natural additives to replace synthetic food additives partially or completely. The the present work aims to give an overview of studies that have been carried out over the years 2011–2019 in the Department of Food Hygiene and Safety at the Estonian University of Life Sciences on the antimicrobial activity of plant additives in vitro as well as in raw minced pork products in the perspective to find effective candidates to use them further in meat products. The findings of the in vitro studies showed that the strongest bacterial growth inhibition was observed in the 96% ethanol extracts of rhubarb root and petiole as well as berries of blackcurrant and chokeberry. In the present in vitro study, plant extracts had the strongest antimicrobial activity against Campylobacter jejuni. In raw minced pork studies, the total microbes as well as yeasts and molds were inhibited in raw minced pork samples only in the presence of powders of rhubarb petioles and tomato or their mixture. In conclusion, this work revealed that powders of rhubarb, tomato and berries of blackcurrant and chokeberry are pers­pective candidates for inhibiting microbial growth in raw minced pork products.
Keywords: foodborne pathogens, total microbial counts, plant extracts and powders, antimicrobial activity, raw minced pork products
Source: Agraarteadus, 2023, 34(1):51–60
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.23.07

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VIITAMINE
Meremäe, K., Koskar, J., Püssa, T., Raudsepp, P., Anton, D., Roasto, M. 2023. Overview of studies on the antimicrobial effect of plant additives in vitro and in raw minced pork products. Agraarteadus, 34(1):51–60. DOI: 10.15159/jas.23.07. [In Estonian]
Meremäe, K., Koskar, J., Püssa, T., Raudsepp, P., Anton, D., Roasto, M. 2023. Ülevaade taimsete lisandite antimikroobse toime uuringutest in vitro ja tooretes seahakklihatoodetes. Agraarteadus, 34(1):51–60. DOI: 10.15159/jas.23.07. [In Estonian]
 
AUTORI KONTAKT
Eesti Maaülikool, veterinaarmeditsiini ja loomakasvatuse instituut, veterinaarse biomeditsiini ja toiduhügieeni õppetool, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51014 Tartu

 
Oluline: 
  • Rabarberi juur ja vars ning marjadest mustsõstar ja aroonia 96% etanooliekstraktid omasid tugevat antibakteriaalset aktiivsust testitud bakterite suhtes in vitro.
  • Taimeekstraktid omasid tugevaimat antimikroobset aktiivsust C. jejuni suhtes.
  • Taimsed lisandid on perspektiivsed kandidaadid mikroobide kasvu pärssimiseks lihatoodetes.
  • Lihatoodetes avaldusid parimad antimikroobsed omadused mikroorganismide suhtes rabarberi varre ja tomati pulbri kombinatsioonil.

LEETUNUD MULD ON EESTI AASTA 2023 MULD
61
ABSTRACT
PODZOLIC SOIL IS THE YEAR 2023 SOIL OF ESTONIA
ORCID logo Raimo Kõlli, ORCID logo Tõnu Tõnutare
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Chair of Soil Science, 5 Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi St., 51006 Tartu, Estonia

For the Year 2023 Soil of Estonia by the Estonian Soil Science Society was elected the Podzolic or podzolized soil, which is known by the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) as Umbric Podzol. In introduction of actual review the Podzolic soils’ morphology and their subdivision principles (by moisture conditions and profile development) are analysed. By the Estonia Soil Classification totally seven species of podzolized automorphic soils have been separated, from which each species have an original code used in the soil mapping. By mean of schematic map is characterized the distribution of these soils in Estonia, but by mean of normally developed soils’ matrix the co-evolution with other soil species. Podzolic soils are formed totally 5.0% from the total Estonian soil cover, but 4.3% from the forest and 5.2% from the arable land. Special attention was payed to humus status of these soils, characterizing among others humus cover (or humipedons) fabric and essential properties separately on forest and arable lands. Beside of depending on soil texture, moisture conditions and land use, soil quantitative characteristics (given by soil species or by soil groups), as well the results of comparative analysis and using peculiarities of Podzolic soils in agricultural practice have been explained. At end of the review the possibilities for characterizing Podzolic soils’ species and varieties peculiarities by mean of principal and supplemental qualifiers WRB is explained.
Keywords: Umbric Podzol, year soil, humus status, Podzolic soil, matrix of soil classification, moder-type humus cover
Source: Agraarteadus, 2023, 34(1):61–70
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.23.08

Print

VIITAMINE
Kõlli, R., Tõnutare, T. 2023. Podzolic soil is the year 2023 soil of Estonia. Agraarteadus, 34(1):61–70. DOI: 10.15159/jas.23.08. [In Estonian]
Kõlli, R., Tõnutare, T. 2023. Leetunud muld on eesti aasta 2023 muld. Agraarteadus, 34(1):61–70. DOI: 10.15159/jas.23.08. [In Estonian]
 
AUTORI KONTAKT
Eesti Maaülikool, põllumajandus ja keskkonnainstituut, mullateaduse õppetool, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu

 
Oluline: 
  • Leetunud mullad on kerge lõimisega happelised, leetumise ja kamardumise koosmõjul moodustunud aeromorfsed mullad.
  • Leetunud muldkatete alusmuld koosneb leet- ja sisseuhte kaksikhorisondist, pealismuld põldudel aga huumushorisondist, mis on metsades kaetud moder tüüpi metsakõduga.
  • Eesti muldade klassifikatsioonis on muldade veerežiimi ja leetumise astme alusel eristatud 7 leetunud mulla liiki.
  • Muldade morfoloogiat, omadusi, huumusseisundit ja produktiivsust käsitletakse seostatult maakasutusega (mets, põld, rohumaa).
  • Leetunud muldadest on ~54% parasniisked, ~40% niisked ja ~6% põuakartlikud.
  • Leetunud mullad moodustavad ~5% Eesti muldkattest; nende suuremad levialad on Kagu-Eestis, Põhja-Kõrvemaal ja Kunda ümbruses.

KROONIKA

JUUBELID

Raimo Kõlli, Rein Järlik
Tõnu Saarman – 75
61
OTSELINK
https://agrt.emu.ee/pdf/chronicle/2023_1_kolli.pdf

MÄLESTUSPÄEVAD

Ants Bender
Herbert Korjus – 100
64
OTSELINK
https://agrt.emu.ee/pdf/chronicle/2023_1_bender.pdf


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